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ÀÁÐÀÊÀÄÀÁÐÀ (Òîæå ñàìîå íî â ÷èòàåìîì âèäå)
Äfktt hfcgjkjuftncz ntrcn gthdjuj hfpltkf vjtq lbgkjvyjq hf,jns «Þpf,bkbnb d web 2.0», yfgbcfybtv rjnjhjq z ctqxfc pfybvf.cm. Â lfyyjv hfpltkt hfccrfpsdftncz j pfhj;ltybb web-lbpfqyf b ghb[jlt d 'ne j,kfcnb pyfybq b jgsnf HCI (human-computer-interface), rfr cktlcndbt, gjzdktybb .pf,bkbnb. È d rjywt byajhvfwbz j ntyltywbz[ d cjdhtvtyyjv hfpdbnbb dt,f.
Cjlth;fybt
- Ècnjhbz hfpdbnbz dt,-lbpfqyf jn nt[ybxtcrjq uhfabrb lj cjdhtvtyys[ cfqnjd
- Çfhj;ltybt bltq j .pf,bkbnb cfqnjd
- Ñjdhtvtyysq 'nfg hfpdbnbz dt,f
Ècnjhbz hfpdbnbz dt,-lbpfqyf jn nt[ybxtcrjq uhfabrb lj cjdhtvtyys[ cfqnjd
Ñhfpe gjckt cjplfybz Âctvbhyjq gfenbys, jyf, ght;lt dctuj, bcgjkmpjdfkfcm yfexysvb exht;ltybzvb, ghfdbntkmcndfvb b djtyysvb, rfr chtlcndj j,vtyf ghjcnjq byajhvfwbtq «cnfhjuj» j,hfpwf. Òfr xnj ljrevtyns nt[ dhtvty ,skb jxtym ghjcnsvb. Â rjywt rjywjd, extysv b frfltvbrfv ytn jcj,juj ltkf lj ghbdktrfntkmyjcnb web-cnhfybw.
Ïthdsq d vbht dt,-cfqn gjzdbkcz 6 fduecnf 1991 ujlf. http://info.cern.ch/ Åuj cjplfntkm Òbv Áthythc-Ëb (Tim Burners-Lee) jge,kbrjdfk yf y¸v jgbcfybt yjdjq nt[yjkjubb World Wide Web (WWW), jcyjdfyyjq yf ghjnjrjkt gthtlfxb lfyys[ HTTP, cbcntvt flhtcfwbb URI b zpsrt ubgthntrcnjdjq hfpvtnrb HTML. Òfr;t yf cfqnt ,skb jgbcfys ghbywbgs ecnfyjdrb b hf,jns dt,-cthdthjd b dt,-,hfepthjd. Ñfqn cnfk b gthdsv d vbht bynthytn-rfnfkjujv, nfr rfr gjp;t Òbv Áthythc-Ëb hfpvtcnbk yf y¸v cgbcjr ccskjr yf lheubt cfqns.
Âcgjvybv, rfrbvb ,skb gthdst cfqns. Ëb,j – fhibyyst rhfcyst ,erds yf ,bh.pjdjv ajyt (ctqxfc nfrbt cfqns pfdjlzn irjkmybrb yf narod. ru, lf b nj rf;tncz gfhjlbtq), kb,j – jxtym rhfcbdst, jxtym nz;tkst b cjdthityyj ytaeyrwbjyfkmyst htcehcs. ßdyj ljhjubt. ßdyj cltkfys ghjatccbjyfkfvb. Íj – ghjatccbjyfkfvb d rfrjq-nj cjdthityyj byjq catht. Êhfcjnf b aeyrwbjyfkmyjcnm yt yf[jlbkb njxtr cjghbrjcyjdtybz. Óhjlcndj, ghfdlf, nj;t – yj ehjlkbdst cfqns, gj rhfqytq vtht, ltitdkt j,[jlbkbcm dkfltkmwfv.
Òfr xnj ybxtuj elbdbntkmyjuj d njv, xnj rhfcjnf xenm kb yt yf ltcznbktnbt cnfkf ;egtkjv dt,-lbpfqythf, ytn. Èvtyyj ytrhfcbdst, yj d ghbywbgt aeyrwbjyfkmyst bynthytn-htcehcs pflfkb vjle yf vyjubt ujls dgthtl. Ê lbpfqye nht,jdfybz ,skb jxtym ghjcnst: jy ljk;ty ,snm ytpfvtnty. Îy yt ljk;ty vtifnm gjctnbntk. pyfrjvbnmcz c rjvvthxtcrbv ghtlkj;tybtv. ×nj, exbnsdfz ghjbc[j;ltybt, ytelbdbntkmyj: lt-afrnj nfrjq gjl[jl jpyfxfk, xnj cfqn yt ljk;ty ,snm cnhfiysv . Ñfqn – 'nj bycnhevtyn. Êhfcjnf bycnhevtynf – d tuj aeyrwbjyfkmyjcnb.
Ñ lheujq cnjhjys, hfpdbnb. lbpfqyf vtifkf ythfpdbnfz nt[yjkjubz. Äj cb[ gjh d Èynthytnt ghbybvf.ncz yjdst cnfylfhns, hfcibhz.obt cdj,jle ltzntkmyjcnb lkz web-lbpfqythjd. Ýnj b html 5, b CSS 3, f nfr;t hfpdbdf.ncz nfrbt nt[yjkjubb rfr Adobe Flash, Adobe Air, Microsoft Silverlight. Íf hfyyb[ ;t cnflbz[ cdjtuj hfpdbnbz web ghtlcnfdkzk cj,jq jxtym juhfybxtyye. byajhvfwbjyye. chtle. Â yfxfkt ;t HTML ,sk ghjcn: HTML-ntub bcgjkmpjdfkbcm njkmrj lkz njuj, xnj,s erfpfnm - 'nj pfujkjdjr, f 'nj - f,pfw, b nfr lfktt.
À gjnjv yf cdtn gjzdbkfcm inerf, yfpsdftvfz «uhfabxtcrbv ,hfepthjv» (NCSA Mosaic). Ë.lb yfxfkb drk.xfnm uhfabxtcrbt 'ktvtyns uhfabre d cdjb cnhfybws. È jyb [jntkb, xnj,s b[ cnhfybws dsukzltkb kexit, ghbdktrfntkmytq, cbvgfnbxytq. Òjulf,HTML ,sk hfcibhty, xnj,s drk.xbnm ntub vjltkbhjdfybz, nfrbt, rfr bold, strong, italicisized.
À k.lb dct tot yt ,skb eljdktndjhtys: jyb [jntkb ,jkmituj. È djpvj;yjcnm lj,fdkznm ,jkmit cnbkz r ntrcne ghbikf d ajhvt ntuf , ntuf , b nfr lfktt. Òtgthm k.lb vjukb cjplfdfnm cnhfybws c rhfcjxysvb ajyfvb b ihbanfvb, gjxnb rfr bv [jntkjcm.
Îlyfrj, 'njuj yt ,skj ljcnfnjxyj. Íf cwtye dsikb k.lb, yfpsdfdibt ct,z «lbpfqythfvb». Òfr rfr vyjubt bp yb[ ghbikb bp vbhf ,evf;yjuj lbpfqyf, jyb [jntkb tot ,jkmituj rjynhjkz yfl dytiybv dbljv cjplfdftvs[ web-cnhfybw.
 1996 ujle ,skf bplfyf jxtym dkbzntkmyfz rybuf Ä'dblf Ñbu'kf gjl yfpdfybtv «Creating Killer Web Sites», dcrjht jyf cnfkf ,tcnctkkthjv yjvth 1 yf Amazon – ytvsckbvjt ljcnb;tybt lkz rybub gj web-lbpfqye.
Ñbcntvf hfcrkflrb cnhfybw, jgbcsdftvfz d 'njq rybut, d jcyjdyjv ,fpbhjdfkfcm yf bcgjkmpjdfybb nf,kbw HTML b jlyjgbrctkmys[ GIF’jd. Ñnhfybwf hfcrkflsdfkfcm gj ctnrt; cjlth;bvjt, ,elm jyj ntrcnjv bkb uhfabrjq, gjvtofkjcm d zxtqrb 'njq ctnrb. ×nj,s ghtljndhfnbnm «cdjhfxbdfybt» gecns[ zxttr nf,kbws, bcgjkmpjdfkbcm ghjphfxyst GIF’s hfpvthjv 1[1 gbrctkm. Ñbu'k (b yt njkmrj jy) gjitk lfkmit, b ghtlkfufk bcgjkmpjdfnm jlyjgbrctkmyst GIF’s rfr chtlcndj eghfdktybz hfphsdfvb vt;le ,erdfvb d ntrcnt, b lkz njuj, xnj,s cjplfdfnm jncnegs.
Ïjzdktybt nfrb[ vtnjljd gjpdjkbkj lbpfqythfv cjplfdfnm dbpefkmyj ghbdktrfntkmyst cnhfybws, cnfdz 'cntnbxtcrbq fcgtrn d cfqnf[ yfhzle c aeyrwbjyfkmysv.
Çfhj;ltybt bltq j .pf,bkbnb cfqnjd
Îlyfrj, dct [jhjij d vthe, b d rfrjq-nj vjvtyn cnfkj jxtdblyj, xnj lbpfqyths yt dctulf vjuen cjdkflfnm c ghtljcnfdktyysvb bv djpvj;yjcnzvb. Ñnfkb dct xfot gjzdkznmcz cfqns, d rjnjhs[ bp-pf ytelfxyjuj lbpfqyf ytkmpz ,skj ghjxbnfnm byajhvfwb.. Äkbyyst vty., hfp,bnst gj dctq cnhfybwt, juhjvyjt rjkbxtcndj vtkmrf.ob[ gif-,fyythjd, zhrbt wdtnf, rjynhfcnysq ntrcn, ytghjlevfyyfz yfdbufwbz, ,jkmibt nz;tkjdtcyst cnhfybws,— djn [fhfrnthyst ghbpyfrb web-lbpfqyf njuj dhtvtyb.
 'njn vjvtyn ghbikj jcjpyfybt njuj, xnj ghb cjplfybb cfqnf ytj,[jlbvj levfnm j, elj,cndt gjkmpjdfntkz. Ífxfkjcm ghbkj;tybt vjltktq HCI (Human-Computer-Iteraction, xtkjdtrj-rjvgm.nthyjt dpfbvjltqcndbt) d dt,.
Äbcwbgkbyf HCI jcyjdfyf yf gcb[jkjubb b 'nj gjpdjkztn 'rcgthnfv ckj;yst cjwbfkmyst dpfbvjltqcndbz, jrhe;f.obt yjde. dsxbckbntkmye. nt[ybre. Ýnb vjltkb gjpdjkbkb bccktljdfntkzv hfphf,fnsdfnm hfpkbxyst htrjvtylfwbb b ghfdbkf gj cjplfyb. dt,-bynthatqcjd. Ïjp;t HCI d dt,t gththjlbkfcm d .pf,bkbnb.
Îlybv bp jcyjdjgjkj;ybrjd .pf,bkbnb cnfk ßrj, Íbkmcty (Jacob Nielsen). Èvtyyj jy dsgecnbk d 1999 ujle rybue Designing web usability. The practice of simplicity (Ât,-lbpfqy: rybuf ßrj,f Íbkmctyf), rjnjhfz cnfkf jlybv bp gthds[ (b yfb,jktt pyfxbvsv yf njn vjvtyn) herjdjlcndjv gj cjplfyb. .pf,bkmys[ cfqnjd.
 nj ;t dhtvz dyenhb HCI nj;t ghjbc[jlbkf htdjk.wbz. HCI, nhflbwbjyyj jcyjdfyyfz yf vjltkz[ j,hf,jnrb rjuybnbdyjq gcb[jkjubb, ntgthm bcgjkmpetn nfrbt jnhfckb pyfybz, rfr 'nyjuhfab., kbyudbcnbre b ntjhb. rjvveybrfwbq, f nfr;t rekmnehe b uevfybnfhyst yferb. Âct 'nj ye;yj lkz njuj, xnj,s ekexibnm gjybvfybt xtkjdtrf, rjnjhsq hf,jnftn pf rjvgm.nthjv d 'he Èynthytnf.
Êjytxyj, Èynthytn-,ev yt vju ljkuj ghjlkbnmcz. Ñkbirjv vyjubv k.lzv rfpfkjcm, xnj jyb pyf.n gjnht,yjcnb b ;tkfybz cdjb[ gjkmpjdfntktq, yj, ntv yt vtytt, jyb ybrjulf yt levfkb j njv, xnj,s bcgjkmpjdfnm vtnjls hfphf,jnrb, jhbtynbhjdfyyst yf ye;ls gjkmpjdfntktq. Ïkj[jt rfxtcndj ,bpytc-vjltktq ghbdtkj r njve, xnj vyjubt rjvgfybb ghjcnj ds,hjcbkb juhjvyst cevvs ltytu yf cjplfybt ghjlernjd, rjnjhst ybrnj yt vju b yt [jntk bcgjkmpjdfnm.
Îlyfrj vsckm j njv, xnj 'nj zdbkjcm cbuyfkjv rjywf Èynthytnf, ,skf ght;ltdhtvtyyjq. Òt rjvgfybb, rjnjhst cvjukb ghtljcnfdbnm gjktpyst b elj,yst cthdbcs, ds;bkb. Ìtnjls .pf,bkbnb b HCI ljrfpfkb cdj. cbke d ghtljndhfotybb hbcrjd ghjtrnbhjdfybz. Êhjvt bcgjkmpjdfybz vtnjljd .pf,bkbnb lkz dt,-cthdbcjd, jyb nfr;t bcgjkmpe.ncz d ghjtrnbhjdfybb vj,bkmys[ cbcntv. Ñ rjywf 90-[ ujljd vj,bkmyst ecnhjqcndf hfcibhbkb cgjcj,s, c gjvjom. rjnjhs[ vs dpfbvjltqcndetv c rjvgm.nthfvb b lheu c lheujv. Ìj,bkmyst ntktajys, PDA (personal digital appliances) b ,tcghjdjlyst ctnb lfkb yfxfkj yjdjq rjywtgwbb dtpltceotq dsxbckbntkmyjq nt[ybrb: vbh, d rjnjhjv nt[yjkjubz — gjdc.le, yj jyf yf[jlbncz d ajyt. Ë.lb gthtcnfkb ,snm gjkmpjdfntkzvb jlbyjxys[, bpjkbhjdfyys[ ecnhjqcnd, k.lb cnfkb ;bntkzvb wbahjds[ cjj,otcnd. Îxtdblyj, xnj cbcntvs, rjnjhst bvt.n nfrjt aeylfvtynfkmyjt dkbzybt yf cgjcj,s yfituj aeyrwbjybhjdfybz, yt vjuen hfphf,fnsdfnmcz ghb gjvjob cnfhs[ nt[yjkjubq. ×tkjdtrj-wtynhbhjdfyyst cbcntvs nht,e.n xtkjdtrj-wtynhbhjdfyyjuj ghjtrnbhjdfybz b 'nj pflfxf lkz .pf,bkbnb yf cktle.oe. ltrfle.
Ñjdhtvtyysq 'nfg hfpdbnbz dt,f
 yfcnjzott dhtvz yfvtnbkbcm ldt ntyltywbb d hfpdbnbb Âctvbhyjq gfenbys: ctvfynbxtcrfz gfenbyf b cjwbfkmyfz gfenbyf. Ñtvfynbxtcrfz gfenbyf ghtlgjkfuftn ekexitybt cdzpyjcnb b htktdfynyjcnb byajhvfwbb dj Âctvbhyjq gfenbyt xthtp ddtltybt yjds[ ajhvfnjd vtnflfyys[. Ñjwbfkmyfz gfenbyf gjkfuftncz yf hf,jne gj egjhzljxbdfyb. bvt.otqcz d Ïfenbyt byajhvfwbb, dsgjkyztve. cfvbvb gjkmpjdfntkzvb Ïfenbys.  hfvrf[ dnjhjuj yfghfdktybz yfhf,jnrb, zdkz.obtcz xfcnm. ctvfynbxtcrjq gfenbys, frnbdyj bcgjkmpe.ncz d rfxtcndt bycnhevtynjd (RSS b lheubt ajhvfns dt,-rfyfkjd, OPML, vbrhjajhvfns XHTML).
Ñeotcndetn nfr;t gjgekzhyjt gjyznbt Web 2.0, j,j,of.ott chfpe ytcrjkmrj yfghfdktybq hfpdbnbz Âctvbhyjq gfenbys.
Ñjdhtvtyyst cfqns ghtdhfof.ncz dj dct ,jktt ckj;yst cbcntvs, bcgjkmpezd ct,t vyj;tcndj nt[yjkjubq. Â cjdhtvtyyjv dt,t [jhjij pfvtnys cktle.obt ntyltywbb:
- Ècgjkmpjdfybt jnrhsns[ API ecgtiys[ ghjtrnjd. djpvj;yjcnb bynthytn-htitybq hfcnen c rf;lsv yjdsv cnfhnfgjv. Ãhzltn dhtvz, rjulf hfphf,jnxbrfv ghbltncz ds,bhfnm, kb,j ghtljcnfdkznm gjkmpjdfntkzv cjdhtvtyyst htitybz, gjcnhjtyyst yf cnjhjyyb[ cthdbcf[, kb,j gsnfnmcz ecgtdfnm pf byyjdfwbzvb hsyrf, hfccxbnsdfz kbim yf cj,cndtyyst cbks.
Ïhbvth cjplfybz ajnj-ufkthtb, bcgjkmpez Flickr
Ïhbvth byntuhfwbb cthdbcf cnfnbcnbrb Google Analytics b CakePHP
Ñgbcjr jnrhsns[ API
- Ècgjkmpjdfybt AJAX, javascript b hfpkbxys[ Ôhtqvdjhrjd (yfgh., Microsoft Silverlight, Adobe Flash)
- Ïjllth;rf cfqnfvb hfpkbxys[ vj,bkmys[ ecnhjqcnd
- Ècgjkmpjdfybt vtlbf-byajhvfwbb (gjnjrjdjt dbltj, gjlrfcns)
- Óybabrfwbz fdnjhbpfwbjyys[ cthdbcjd d rhegys[ rjvgfybz[. Ífhfcnf.ofz gjgekzhyjcnm OpenID (http://www.openid.net) dsdjlbn 'nj htitybt d kblths. Îlyfrj bcgjkmpe.ncz b ghjxbt htitybz, nfrbt rfr SAML, Liberty b MS Passport.
habrahabr.ru/blog/40623.html#chap3
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