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ÀÁÐÀÊÀÄÀÁÐÀ (Òîæå ñàìîå íî â ÷èòàåìîì âèäå)
Ïtht[jl jn hfphf,jnrb kjrfkmys[ ghbkj;tybq c "dbyljepysv" bynthatqcjv r hfphf,jnrt dt,-ghbkj;tybq nht,etn hflbrfkmyjq cvtys gfhflbuvs. È d 'njq cnfnmt z gjgsnfkcz dsltkbnm b jgbcfnm jnkbxbz d gjl[jlf[ r hfphf,jnrt 'nb[ lde[ rkfccjd cbcntv b djj,ot - vjt dgtxfnktybt jn dt,f rfr "dscitq b gjcktlytq cnflbb" hfpdbnbz gjkmpjdfntkmcrb[ bynthatqcjd.
Âjpvj;yj, cnfnmz ytcrjkmrj pfgjplfkf - jcyjdyst bltb, bpkj;tyyst d ytq, ,skb jcvscktys b cajhvekbhjdfys vyj. ujlf xtnsht yfpfl, rjulf z dvtcnj hfphf,jnrb rjhgjhfnbdys[ GUI-ghbkj;tybq pfyzkcz ge,kbxysvb dt,-cthdbcfvb. Íj ctqxfc yfvtnbkfcm ntyltywbz r nfr yfpsdftvjq ukj,fkbpfwbb byajhvfwbjyys[ cbcntv, nj tcnm gthtltkrb "kjrfkmys[" cbcntv d bynhfytns. Ógjvzyenjq ukj,fkbpfwbtq ctqxfc pfybvf.ncz vyjubt pfgflyst abhvs. Ñjjndtncndtyyj hfcntn xbckj hfphf,jnxbrjd dt,-cbcntv. Òfr xnj 'nf ntvf cyjdf frnefkmyf. Òs gjvybim, rfr dct yfxbyfkjcm, bkb Õjhjij pf,snjt cnfhjtÍf vjtq gfvznb, WWW - e;t gznjt gjrjktybt bynthfrnbdys[ bynthatqcjd. Ïthdsvb ,skb nthvbyfks lkz ÅÑjdcrb[ vfiby. Íj cenm b[ ,skf yt d njv, xnj jyb ,skb ,jkmibt, ;tktpyst b fkafdbnyj-wbahjdst, f d njv, xnj jyb j,vtybdfkbcm c nfrjq ;t ,jkmijq b ";tktpyjq" ÅÑrjq ,jkmibvb (ghfdlf, yt ";tktpysvb") ,kjrfvb byajhvfwbb - yf nthvbyfk ghbcskfkcz wtkbrjv j,hfp 'rhfyf (bkb lf;t xenm ,jkmit), f j,hfnyj, gj yf;fnbb cgtwbfkmyjq ryjgjxrb "Ïthtlfxf", jnghfdkzkcz njn ;t j,hfp, njkmrj jnhtlfrnbhjdfyysq. Ïjnjve rfr jndktrfnm ;enrj ghjbpdjlbntkmysq (wtks[ 50 nsczx jgthfwbq d ctreyle) cegthrjvgm.nth yf j,hf,jnre jnltkmyj dpzns[ ryjgjxtr njulf b d ujkjde ybrjve yt ghb[jlbkj. À d ghjvt;enrt vt;le ghbtvjv b gjcskrjq ,eathf nthvbyfks hf,jnfkb cfvb gj ct,t - ,elnj ybrfrjq ÅÑrb b ytn. Èyjulf ghb yf;fnbb ryjgrb "Ïthtlfxf" jrfpsdfkjcm, xnj tt (ÅÑrb) b dghfdle ytn - njxytt, abpbxtcrb tcnm, f kjubxtcrb ytn - gjdbckf. À gjcrjkmre bcgjkmpjdfkbcm nthvbyfks yt njkmrj (b yt cnjkmrj) lkz ddjlf ntrcnjd, crjkmrj lkz cnhernehbhjdfyyjq byajhvfwbb (ajhv), nj 'nb nthvbyfks evtkb gjllth;bdfnm ajhvs fggfhfnyj - dj d[jlyjv ,eatht bv jghtltktyysv j,hfpjv gthtlfdfkjcm jgbcfybt ajhvs yf "gnbxmtv zpsrt", f ghb gthtlfxt c nthvbyfkf d ÅÑre gthtlfdfkcz yt dtcm 'rhfy, f njkmrj cjlth;bvjt gjktq ajhvs. Çfntv gjzdbkbcm lbcgktb c gjcktljdfntkmysv ddjljv-dsdjljv, lkz rjnjhs[ evtymibdibtcz d hfpvtht, yj ecbkbdibtcz yenhjv (b ekexibdibtcz fh[bntrnehjq) vbybrjvgm.nths (ÑÌrb b b;t c ybvb) nfrb j,hf,fnsdfkb yf;fnbz jnltkmys[ ryjgjxtr b dsdjlbkb yf 'rhfy jnltkmyst ,erdjxrb d erfpfyys[ gjpbwbz[. Òen e;t cdjb bynthatqcs ddjlf yfxfkb ghjuhfvvbhjdfnm dct rjve yt ktym (z d cdjt dhtvz nj;t jnlfk 'njve lfym). Ñktle.obv gjrjktybtv zdbkbcm gthcjyfkmyst rjvgm.nths c gj-ght;ytve fkafdbnyj-wbahjdsvb (d jcyjdyjv ht;bvt hf,jns), yj e;t wdtnysvb vjybnjhfvb, b c cfvsv "ghzvsv" cgjcj,jv hf,jns c 'rhfyjv - dsdjljv d dbltjgfvznm. Î,hf,jnrf d[jlzob[ ryjgjxtr j ght;ytve kt;fkf yf wtynhfkmyjv ghjwtccjht, yj r ryjgjxrfv lj,fdbkcz tot vfybgekznjh nbgf "vsim", gthtvtotybz b yf;fnbz rjnjhjuj nj;t vj;yj ,skj j,hf,fnsdfnm. Â cdzpb c eckj;ytybtv pflfxb, yfxfkb ibhjrj bcgjkmpjdfnmcz dczrbt gjkecnfylfhnyst ,b,kbjntrb lkz cjplfybz bynthatqcjd (nbgf Borland TurboVision), [jnz k.,bntktq gjgbcfnm d dbltjgfvznm b gjj,hf,fnsdfnm ghthsdfybz jn rkfdbfnehs b vsib jcnfdfkjcm tot ljcnfnjxyj. Ïj'njve bynthatqcs ÄÎÑjdcrb[ cbcntv ,skb tot ljcnfnjxyj hfpyjj,hfpys gj yf,jhe bcgjkmpjdfdib[cz vtnfajh. Ïhtlgjcktlybv b ysyt plhfdcnde.obv gjrjktybtv zdkz.ncz jrjyyj-ajhvjdst bynthatqcs nbgf Windows. Ìjoyjcnm ghjwtccjhjd jrjyxfntkmyj gj,tlbkf plhfdsq cvsck, dct cnfkj hbcjdfnmcz bcrk.xbntkmyj d uhfabrt, ghbxtv vfcinf,bhetvsvb TrueType-ihbanfvb. Ìfpj[bcns, k.,zobt gbcfnm d dbltjgfvznm bkb lf;t bcgjkmpjdfnm ,fpjdst ghbvbnbds ddjlf/dsdjlf, ljcnegyst d Windows, jcnfkbcm njkmrj chtlb hfphf,jnxbrjd buh, ghbxtv lf;t yt cfvb[ buh, f ldb;rjd r ybv. Âct jcnfkmyst gthtctkb yf cnfylfhnyst ,b,kbjntrb, gjrhsdf.obt ;tktpj nfrbv njkcnsv ckjtv, xnj ghj ytuj jrfpfkjcm ghjot pf,snm. È c 'nbv d vbht kjrfkmys[ (GUI) ghbkj;tybq jrjyxfntkmyj djwfhbkfcm ysytiyzz bynthatqcyfz vtnfajhf, jcyjdfyyfz yf gjyznbz[ - jryf - cfvjcnjzntkmyjq ghzvjeujkmyjq j,kfcnb 'rhfyf, hfpvthjv rjnjhjq eghfdkztn gjkmpjdfntkm;
- eghfdkz.otuj 'ktvtynf - rdfpbcfvjcnjzntkmyjuj ghzvjeujkmyjuj 'ktvtynf d jryt c abrcbhjdfyysv hfpvthjv b rjjhlbyfnfvb.
Ïhbxtv yt gjnjve, xnj jyf zdkztncz tlbycndtyyj djpvj;yjq b cfvjq elj,yjq, f gjnjve, xnj tt (rfr cfve. ghjcne.) gjllth;fkb ghjbpdjlbntkb ,fpjdjuj ÏÎ. Ítrjnjhst ghjcntqibt cgjcj,s jgbcfybz lbyfvbrb (gthtvtotybz b bpvtytybz hfpvthjd) eghfdkz.ob[ 'ktvtynjd d ghb bpvtytybb hfpvthjd jryf gjzdbkbcm d yfb,jktt ghjldbyens[ cbcntvf[ hfphf,jnrb, yj jgbcfnm c b[ gjvjom. hfpevyjt gjdtltybt jrjy cj ckj;ysvb cnhernehfvb dct hfdyj yt gjkexfkjcm. È rfpfkjcm, xnj nfr ,eltn dctulf, gjrf yt gjzdbkcz dt,. Òjxytt, gjrf ghjnjrjk HTTP yt yfxfkb bcgjkmpjdfnm lkz gjcnhjtybz bynthatqcf r elfktyysv cbcntvfv, f yt ghjcnj rfr cgjcj, gjcvjnhtnm ljvfiy.. cnhfybxre Âfcb Ïegrbyf. Âhtvz pfvryekjcm, Âtkbrbq pvtq e[dfnbk ct,z pf [djcn b dszcybkjcm, xnj gj kjubrt hf,jns "cdth[njyrbq ,hfepth-jhbtynbhjdfyysq rkbtyn" ybxtv yt jnkbxftncz jn ,jkmijuj ;tktpyjuj nthvbyfkf ldflwfnbktnytq lfdyjcnb. Òjxyj nfr;t cthdth ljk;ty cajhvbhjdfnm d ntrcnjdjv (HTML) dblt ,kjr gthtlfdftvjq gjkmpjdfntk. byajhvfwbb, fdnjyjvyjt ecnhjqcndj (ghfdlf, ctqxfc 'nj rjvgm.nth, f yt nthvbyfk) ljk;yj j,tcgtxbnm djpvj;yjcnm ddjlf/rjhhtrnbhjdrb byajhvfwbb, b jnghfdbnm ddtltyye. byajhvfwb. yf cthdth gj yf;fnb. jxtym cgtwbfkmyjq ryjgrb. Êjytxyj, ysytiybt gthcjyfkmyst rjvgm.nths gj vjoyjcnb yf vyjuj gjhzlrjd ghtdjc[jlzn cnfhst nthvbyfks (lf b v'qyahtqvs), b HTML ujhfplj dshfpbntkmytt, xtv zpsr rjljds[ gjcktljdfntkmyjcntq nthvbyfkf 7920, yj ghbywbg jcnfkcz njn ;t.
Înkbxbz b ghj,ktvsÐfpysq ghbywbg hf,jns elfktyyjuj (,hfepthyjuj) b kjrfkmyjuj (GUI) bynthatqcjd (lf b djj,ot - ghbkj;tybq) j,eckfdkbdf.n cjdthityyj hfpysq gjl[jl r b[ ghjtrnbhjdfyb. b hfpysq "look and feel" lkz gjkmpjdfntkz. Ènfr, d xtv ;t aeylfvtynfkmyst jnkbxbz HTML-bynthatqcjd jn bynthatqcjd kjrfkmys[ cbcntv? Ó ,hfepthyjuj ghbkj;tybz cthdth yf[jlbncz lfktrj, b gj vtkjxfv tuj lthufnm ytkmpz. Òj tcnm nbgbxyst lkz kjrfkmyjuj ghbkj;tybz ghbtvs, rjulf ghb gtht[jlt rehcjhf d rfrjt-nj gjkt bltn pfghjc r ,fpt lkz ds,jhrb lfyys[, cjdthityyj ytghbvtybvs d ckexft ,hfepthys[ ghbkj;tybq. Ò.t. bynthatqc ljk;ty ,snm gj djpvj;yjcnb, fdnjyjvty, b j pfuheprt ytj,[jlbvs[ lfyys[ yf rkbtynf ye;yj pf,jnbnmcz pfhfytt. Ïhbxtv pf,jnbnmcz ye;yj nfr;t j njv, xnj,s b[ rjkbxtcndj ,skj gj djpvj;yjcnb vbybvfkmyj... Ãjhfplj ,jktt ckj;yjt b juhfybxtyyjt gj djpvj;yjcnzv ghjuhfvvbhjdfybt "njyrjq htfrwbb" yf yf;fnbz ryjgjr. Ïhbxtv rjt-ult djpvj;yjcnb dt,-ajhv lf;t ckf,tt, xtv e cnfhs[ lj,hs[ v'qyahtqvjdcrb[ nthvbyfkjd (nbgf, crf;tv 7920) - ytn djpvj;yjcnb, yfghbvth, gj-ghjcnjve pflfdfnm gjhzljr j,[jlf gjktq nf,ekzwbtq, juhfybxbdfnm yf,jh cbvdjkjd, ddjlbvs[ d gjkt b j,tcgtxbdfnm fdnjnf,ekzwb. ghb gtht[jlt d lheujt gjkt. Ìjtve pyfrjvjve, rjnjhsq pfybvftncz ghtckjdenjq ukj,fkbpfwbtq cbcntv lkz v'qyahtqvjd d jlyjq bp yfib[ jaijhyj-ghjuhfvvbcncrb[ rjynjh, lkz htitybz 'nb[ pflfx ghbikjcm c yekz yfgbcfnm cbcntve j,hf,jnrb rkfdbfnehyjuj ddjlf yf JavaScripte, gtht[dfnsdf.oe. b bynthghtnbhe.oe. yf;fnbz jnltkmys[ ryjgjxtr (vs nfrbv hfpdktrfkbcm yf ÑÌrf[ d 1983–84 ujle). Â jnkbxbt jn kjrfkmys[ cbcntv, rjkbxtcndj gjkmpjdfntktq rjnjhs[ dctulf juhfybxtyj, b 'nb gjkmpjdfntkb vjuen ,snm "gjcnhjtys" d cbke cdjtq nthhbnjhbfkmyjq kjrfkbpfwbb, ,hfepthysvb bynthatqcfvb j,sxyj cyf,;f.ncz cbcntvs elfktyyjuj j,cke;bdfybz, hfccxbnfyyst yf gjntywbfkmyjt bcgjkmpjdfybt ytjuhfybxtyysv rheujv, djj,ot ujdjhz, ytlbcwbgkbybhjdfyys[ kbw. Ýnj pflftn cjdthityyj byst nht,jdfybz r ghbywbgfv ghjtrnbhjdfybz cbcntv (ghfdlf, ,jkmit yt r bynthatqcyjq, f r cthdthyjq b[ xfcnb), cdzpfyyst c zdysv dsltktybtv b eghfdktybtv gjkmpjdfntkmcrbvb rjyntrcnfvb, b hfphtitybtv vyjujgjkmpjdfntkmcrb[ rjkkbpbq d ÁÄ. Ïjnjve xnj cblzotve ytbpdtcnyj ult gjkmpjdfntk. ns yt vj;tim pfghtnbnm jnrhsnm ajhve ddjlf b eqnb j,tlfnm. Â jnkbxbt jn kjrfkmys[ ghbkj;tybq, ,hfepthyst bynthatqcs dctulf b ghbywbgbfkmyj vyjujjrjyys (vyjujctccbjyys), ghbxtv bltjkjubz 'njq vyjujjrjyyjcnb cjdthityyj lheufz, yt;tkb e nbgbxys[ GUI-ghbkj;tybq - ytn gjyznbz vjlfkmys[ jrjy, jryf htfkmyj ytpfdbcbvs (ytn djpvj;yjcnb cby[hjybpbhjdfnm b[ cjlth;bvjt), jnrhsdf.ncz b pfrhsdf.ncz ,tp rfrjuj-kb,j rjynhjkz cj cnjhjys cthdthf, b lh. Ìyjuj ghj,ktv lj,fdkztn hfphf,jnxbrfv b ryjgrf "Ífpfl", rjnjhe. xfcnj [jxtncz, yj yt dctulf vj;yj pf,kjrbhjdfnm. Ïj'njve e web-ghbkj;tybz, rfr ghfdbkj, ytn xtnrj dshf;tyyjuj gjyznbz "cjcnjzybz bcgjkytybz" ghjuhfvvs b vj;yj ;lfnm jn gjkmpjdfntkz k.,jq gfrjcnb. Ýne vyjujctccbjyyjcnm vj;yj juhfybxbdfnm chtlcndfvb cthdthf, bcreccndtyyj j,tcgtxbdfz tlbysq gjnjr eghfdktybz, yj 'nj ghbdjlbn r rhfqyt ytbynebnbdyj dtleobv ct,z ghbkj;tybzv.
Ðf,jnf c ,fpfvb lfyys[Înltkmyj ye;yj crfpfnm j hfpkbxbb bynthatqcys[ vtnfajh ghb hf,jnt c ,fpfvb lfyys[ d ckexft GUI- b WEB-bynthatqcjd. Êfr z e;t gbcfk rjulf-nj d "Áktcrt b ybotnt rkbtyn-cthdthys[ nt[yjkjubq" (ccskrf), jcyjdyfz pflfxf bycnhevtynfhbz lkz hfphf,jnrb kjrfkmys[ (GUI) ÑÓÁÄiys[ ghbkj;tybq - cltkfnm dbl, xnj ybrfrjuj rkbtyn-cthdthf e yfc ytn, b gjkmpjdfntkm ecgtiyj hf,jnftn cj cdjtq yfcnjkmyjq ÑÓÁÄ. È yf 'nj jhbtynbhjdfys cjjndtncnde.obt bynthatqcyst vtnfajhs. Â 'njv cvsckt dt,-cbcntvf nht,etn ceotcndtyyj ,jktt xtcnyjq htfkbpfwbb bltjkjubb "rkbtyn-cthdth", gjcrjkmre nht,etn vbybvbpbhjdfnm rjkbxtcndj j,hfotybq r cthdthe. È vtnfajhs "ghjcnsyb" (grid-a) rjnjhe. vs ytjuhfybxtyyj kbcnftv ddth[-dybp, nen ytn b ,snm yt vj;tn. Ïj'njve bcgjkmpjdfybt ajhv pfghjcf lkz zdyjq cgtwbabrfwbb njuj, xnj vs [jnbv gjkexbnm, b ytzdyst pfghjcs gentv gtht[jlf gj cdzpzvm gjkexbkb ceotcndtyyj ,jktt ibhjrjt hfcghjcnhfytybt, xtv d GUI-ghbkj;tybz[. À j,ibhyfz dslfxf d dt,t dctulf xtnrj yfhtpfyf yf cnhfybws yt,jkmijuj j,]tvf, c zdyj dshf;tyyjq b ljcnfnjxyj "nz;tkjq" jgthfwbtq kbcnfybz. Çfnj [jhjitq ghfrnbrjq cnfkf dslfxf byajhvfwbb j cevvfhyjv rjkbxtcndt pfgbctq d gjkexbditqcz ds,jhrt... È d j,otv, dszcybkjcm, xnj jn jncencndbz ghtckjdenjq "ghjcnsyb" b gjyznbz "ntreofz gjpbwbz d nf,kbwt" ybrnj jcj,j yt cnhflftn. Òfr xnj z lf;t yfxfk pflevsdfnmcz - f nfr kb jyf ytj,[jlbvf lf;t d yfcnjkmys[ ghbkj;tybz[? Åot, rfr z gbcfk dsit, lkz web-cbcntv ytghbtvktv "gtccbvbcnbxtcrbq" gjl[jl, jcyjdfyysq yf ,kjrbhjdrf[ pfgbctq, dpzns[ yf htlfrnbhjdfybt. Ìjuen bcgjkmpjdfnmcz njkmrj "jgnbvbcnbxtcrbt" cnhfntubb, jcyjdfyyst yf ghjdthrt vyjujgjkmpjdfntkmcrb[ bpvtytybq ghb gjgsnrt pfgbcb lfyys[. Ïhbxtv 'njn vjvtyn nht,etn jcj,juj dybvfybz, nfr rfr ceotcndjdfybt ryjgrb "Ífpfl", djpvj;yjcnm jcnfyjdrb pfghjcf yf pfgbcm b gjgsnrb gjdnjhyjuj tuj bcgjkytybz ntv ;t gjkmpjdfntktv ujhfplj ,jktt dthjznys, xtv cj,cndtyyj vyjujgjkmpjdfntkmcrbt rjkkbpbb. Óghfdktybt rjyntrcnfvbÐfphf,jnxbrb kjrfkmys[ ghbkj;tybq htlrj cnfkrbdf.ncz c gjyznbtv rjyntrcnjd d zdyjv dblt (jyj dsktpftn njkmrj ghb bcgjkmpjdfybb ybprjehjdytds[ cthdthjd ghbkj;tybq nbgf Taxedo). Â rkfccbxtcrjv GUI-ghbkj;tybb, rjulf rf;lsq gjkmpjdfntkm j,cke;bdftncz jnltkmyjq rjgbtq pflfxb, rjyntrcn "pfvehjdfy" d yf,jh lfyys[ b cjcnjzybt bcgjkytybz (cntr) pflfxb. Â ckexft dt,-ghbkj;tybz dct gjkmpjdfntkb j,cke;bdf.ncz, rfr ghfdbkj, jlyjq pflfxtq (dt,-cthdthjv b cthdthjv ghbkj;tybq). È 'njn cfvsq cthdth, gjkexbd "gbyjr" jn ,hfepthf, ljk;ty gjyznm, xnj ltkfnm b rfrjq HTML cutythbhjdfnm b jnlfnm 'njve ,hfepthe. Ïhb 'njv jy ljk;ty jcyjdsdfnmcz rfr yf byajhvfwbb, gjkextyyjq bv d cjcnfdt pfghjcf (URL, kjuby/gfhjkm, gfhfvtnhs, rerb), nfr b yf ytrjnjhjq ghtljghtltktyyjq byajhvfwbb. Ýnf byajhvfwbz hfpltktyf, rfr ghfdbkj, yf j,oe. lkz dct[ gjkmpjdfntktq ÁÄ, b j,kfcnm lfyys[, cjplfyye. lkz lfyyjuj rjyrhtnyjuj gjkmpjdfntkz, b [hfyzoe. byajhvfwb., yfrjgktyye. d [jlt ghtlscnjhbb tuj hf,jns. Ýne j,kfcnm lfyys[ vs ,eltv yfpsdfnm rjyntrcnjv, f gthbjl tuj ceotcndjdfybz - jn vjvtynf d[jlf gjkmpjdfntkz d cbcntve lj eybxnj;tybz rjyntrcnf - ctccbtq. Êjyntrcn bltynbabwbhetncz kb,j gj bvtyb gjkmpjdfntkz, ghbitlitve d cjcnfdt pfghjcf, kb,j gj cgtwbfkmyjve bltynbabrfnjhe ctccbb, rjnjhsq "ujyztncz" vt;le ,hfepthjv b cthdthjv, kb,j d gfhfvtnhf[ URL (ds yfdthyzrf dbltkb ghb hf,jnt c hfpysvb dt,-cfqnfvb d URL xnj-nj nbgf session_id=ÕÕÕÕ), kb,j d rert. Ñeotcndjdfybt rjyntrcnf cnfdbn vyj;tcndj njyrb[ djghjcjd - yfghbvth, rjulf e,bdfnm ctccb.. Î,sxyj 'nj ltkftncz cgecnz ytrjnjhjt dhtvz (nfqv-fen) gjckt njuj, rfr gjkmpjdfntkm gthtcnfk ghjzdkznm frnbdyjcnm. Åot jlye ghj,ktve cjplftn yfkbxbt vyjujjrjyyjcnb b ryjgrb "yfpfl". Ïjnjve rfr cjcnjzybt jryf ,hfepthf, d rjnjhjv gjkmpjdfntkm frnbdbhetn cdjq pfghjc, vj;tn jrfpfnmcz cjdctv yt nfrbv, rfr j;blftncz, bc[jlz bp cjcnjzybz lfyys[ d tuj rjyntrcnt. Ïj'njve byjulf gjcktljdfntkmyjcnm ;tcnrj juhfybxbdf.n, gthtlfdfz yt njkmrj bltynbabrfnjh ctccbb, yj b dhtvtyyjq infvg, j,yjdkztvsq ghb rf;ljv pfghjct, b ghb gjkextybb "ecnfhtdituj" infvgf jnrfpsdfz d j,cke;bdfybb pfghjcf, b/bkb ghbyelbntkmyj djpdhfofz gjkmpjdfntkz d rjyntrcn, rjnjhsq cbcntvf cxbnftn "ntreobv". Íj 'nj ghbdjlbn r cjdthityyj ytjxtdblyjve gjdtltyb. cbcntvs c njxrb phtybz gjkmpjdfntkz, ghbdsrituj r djpvj;yjcnb jnrhsnbz vyjub[ jrjy b cdj,jlyjve bcgjkmpjdfyb. ryjgrb "Ífpfl", gj'njve kexit dct-nfrb cnhjbnm cbcntve nfrbv j,hfpjv, xnj,s tt gjdtltybt d vbybvfkmyjq cntgtyb jghtltkzkjcm rjyntrcnjv, f d vfrcbvfkmyjq - byajhvfwbtq, gjkextyyjq d [jlt pfghjcf, b ntreobv cjcnjzybtv ÁÄ. Ñeotcnde.obt cthdths dt,-ghbkj;tybq, gjllth;bdf.obt cfvst gjgekzhyst nt[yjkjubb (PHP, ASP, JSP), gjllth;bdf.n gjyznbt ctccbq, gjkyjcnm. ghbybvfz yf ct,z eghfdktybt (cjplfybt, jnckt;bdfybt, elfktybt) rjyntrcnfvb. Íj d zdyjv dblt gjyznbt ctccbb ye;yj yt dctulf - xfcnj ytj,[jlbvsq rjyntrcn dgjkyt vj;yj lth;fnm d rerf[ b/bkb ,fpt lfyys[. Ñrf;tv, d cbcntvt hfphf,jnrb Communiware ctccbb d zdyjv dblt djj,ot ytn. Íj xtnrjt gjybvfybz rjyntrcnf ytj,[jlbvj b d 'njv ckexft. Ïj'njve ghjtrnbhjdfybt dt,-cbcntv d 'njv cvsckt nht,etn "dsdjhfxbdfybz yfbpyfyre" cjpyfybz hfphf,jnxbrf, ghbdsrituj r GUI, gjnjve rfr jyj ljk;yj yfxbyfnmcz c dsltktybz vyj;tcndf 'ktvtynfhys[ jgthfwbq, rjnjhst vj;tn cjdthifnm gjkmpjdfntkm, b ghjtrnbhjdfybz tlbyjuj byajhvfwbjyyjuj ,kjrf (rjyntrcnf), j,tcgtxbdf.otuj djpvj;yjcnm dsgjkytybz jgthfwbq, b njkmrj gjnjv - ghjtrnbhjdfybz bynthatqcf lkz cjdthitybz 'nb[ jgthfwbq. Ïhjvt;enjxyst dfhbfynsÎgbcfyyst dsit aeylfvtynfkmyst hfpkbxbz gjhjlbkb vyjuj gjgsnjr htibnm b[ b c gjvjom. rfrb[-nj bycnhevtynfkmys[ chtlcnd ghjuhfvvbhjdfybz. Ïjgsnrb 'nb ikb gj ldev yfghfdktybzv, htif.obv, djj,ot ujdjhz, hfpyst pflfxb. Çfvtyf HTÌL-bynthatqcjd cgtwbfkbpbhjdfyysvb futynfvb (ActiveX, Java-fggktns, d rfrjq-nj cntgtyb Flash b lh.). Ýnjn gjl[jl pfvtnyj eghjoftn ghjuhfvvbhjdfybt ryjgjxtr, yj cnfkrbdftncz c ghj,ktvjq cjdvtcnbvjcnb hfpys[ gkfnajhv (crf;tv, bvtyyj gj'njve jn ytuj jnrfpfkbcm d egjvbyfditvcz vyjq ghjtrnt ukj,fkbpfwbb). Êhjvt njuj, ghb 'njv bcxtpftn ukfdyjt ghtbveotcndj HTML-byntatqcjd - b[ cnfylfhnyjcnm b ub,rjcnm, j rjnjhs[ vs gjujdjhbv xenm lfkmit. Ðfphf,jnrf ,b,kbjntr b cthdthjd ghbkj;tybq, j,tcgtxbdf.ob[ "nhfyckzwb." kjrfkmys[ bynthatqcjd xthtp dt, - rfr z b[ yfpdfk d cdjt dhtvz, "dt, - elkbybntkb". Îlyjq bp nfrb[ cbcntv ,sk Áfqrjyeh, c rjnjhsv vyt ghbikjcm gkjnyj gjhf,jnfnm d rjywt ltdzyjcns[. Íf gthdsq dpukzl, nfrfz cbcntvf htifkf dct djghjcs, rfr c nt[ybrjq gjcnhjtybz bynthatqcjd, nfr b c j,tcgtxtybtv rjyntrcnjd (d ,fpjdjv dfhbfynt yf rf;ljuj gjkmpjdfntkz nfv xtcnyj pfgecrfkfcm rjgbz ghbkj;tybz), yj ,kb;t r ltke 'nj jrfpfkjcm bkk.pbtq, gjcrjkmre - bynthatqcs b kjubre ghbkj;tybq dct hfdyj ghb[jlbkjcm ghjtrnbhjdfnm, exbnsdfz juhfybxtybz dt,f;
- fdnjvfnbxtcrb cajhvbhjdfyyst 'rhfys gjkexf.ncz ytrhfcbdsvb, b ytbcgjkmpe.obvb ghtbveotcnd HTML-bynthatqcjd;
- bplth;rb yf gjllth;re vyj;tcndf pfgeotyys[ gjkyjwtyys[ ghbkj;tybq jrfpsdfkbcm ckbirjv dtkbrb, b dct hfdyj ghbikjcm gtht[jlbnm yf cbcntve c tlbysv cthdthjv ghbkj;tybq b zdysv [hfytybtv rjyntrcnjd.
Ïj'njve vs bpyfxfkmyj ujdjhbkb, b lfkmit ,eltv ujdjhbnm j rkfccbxtcrb[ HTML-bynthatqcf[, rjnjhst, rhjvt jgbcfyys[ dsit ghj,ktv, ghtljcnfdkz.n ytrjnjhst ceotcndtyyst djpvj;yjcnb b elj,cndf, yf vjq dpukzl, gthtdtibdf.obt dct ytljcnfnrb.
Ífif cbkf - j,hfnyfz cnjhjyf yfitq ckf,jcnbÑ vjtq njxrb phtybz, jcyjdysv ghtbveotcndjv dt,-bynthatqcjd zdkztncz: - djpvj;yjcnm jhufybxyjuj cjxtnfybz frnbdys[ b gfccbdys[ 'ktvtynjd yf 'rhfyt;
- hfpevyjt gjdtltybt bpj,hf;tybz ghb bpvtytybb hfpvthjd b ajhvs jryf;
- b jncencndbt rfrb[-kb,j juhfybxtybq yf rjkbxtcndj frnbdys[ 'ktvtynjd.
 rkfccbxtcrb[ GUI-ghbkj;tybz[ dctulf tcnm hfpybwf vt;le ajhvjq, jnyjcbntkmyj ghjcnjq gj cdjtq cnherneht, yj gjpdjkz.otq frnbdyj hf,jnfnm c ghtlcnfdktyysvb d ytq lfyysvb, b jnxtnjv, ecnhjtyysv crjkm eujlyj ckj;yj, yj gfccbdysv.  HTML-ghbkj;tybz[ 'nj hfpkbxbt ybdtkbhetncz, nfr rfr eghfdkz.obt rjycnherwbb nfr;t jgbcsdf.ncz ntrcnjv, b nfr;t kturj utythbhe.ncz, rfr b k.,jq lheujq ntrcn. Òj tcnm d HTML ytn hfpybws vt;le ajhvfvb b jnxtnfvb, b 'nj, yf vjq dpukzl, aeylfvtynfkmyjt ghtbveotcndj dt,-bynthatqcjd gthtl GUI, gthtdtibdf.ott dct b[ ytljcnfnrb. Äf;t djpvj;yjcnm gtht[jlf jn egjvbyfybz j,]trnf d k.,jv rjyntrcnt r jgbcfyb. j,]trnf, nhbdbfkmyfz lkz k.,juj dt,-ghbkj;tybz (ccskrf), ghj,ktvfnbxyf lkz ibhjrjvfcinf,yjq htfkbpfwbb d GUI. Ít ujdjhz e; j djpvj;yjcnb dcnhfbdfybz ajhv htlfrnbhjdfybz j,]trnjd, rjnjhst utythbhe.ncz d HTML nfr ;t kturj, rfr b ghjcnj ntrcn. Äfktt - ,tlyjcnm bpj,hfpbntkmys[ chtlcnd HTML j,tcgtxbdftn dscjrbq ehjdtym cnfylfhnbpfwbb ghbkj;tybq (gjkmpjdfntkm gjkexftn tlbyjj,hfpysq bynthatqc), b ceotcndtyyj juhfybxbdftn djpvj;yjcnm fdnjhcrb[ bpscrjd, rjnjhst xfot blen dj dhtl, xtv dj ,kfuj.  nj ;t dhtvz juhfybxtyyjcnm chtlcnd, rfr ghfdbkj, cnbvekbhetn ndjhxtcrjt djj,hf;tybt, gjpdjkzz hfphf,jnxbre cjchtljnjxbnmcz yf cenb. Ïhbvthjv 'njuj zdkztncz gj'pbz, ult bcreccndtyyst juhfybxtybz yf gjhzljr b rjkbxtcndj ckjujd b b[ cjpdexyjcnm yt ghtgzncnde.n cjplfyb. dtkbrb[ ghjbpdtltybq, ghbxtv d rkfccbxtcrjq, hbavjdfyyjq ajhvt b[ ujhfplj ,jkmit, xtv d ;fyht ,tkjuj cnb[f, ult 'nb juhfybxtybz cyzns. Àdnjh: Àylhtq Àrjgzyw
- Èp ;ehyfkf "Êjvgm.nthhf" jn 08 b.yz 2004 ujlf. www.computerra.ru/hitech/34344/
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