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ÀÁÐÀÊÀÄÀÁÐÀ (Òîæå ñàìîå íî â ÷èòàåìîì âèäå) Êhegyst cfqns b dyenhtyybt gjhnfks vjuen gjkexfnm ljgjkybntkmyst ghtbveotcndf jn bcgjkmpjdfybz ,jktt cjdthityys[ vtnjljd gjbcrf b yfdbufwbb. Ê ybv jnyjczncz rfhns cfqnf, fkafdbnyst byltrcs, cjdhtvtyyst cbcntvs gjbcrf, j,ott ekexitybt yfdbufwbb – b rk.xtde. hjkm dj dct[ 'nb[ vtnjlf[ buhftn [jhjij cghjtrnbhjdfyyfz nfrcjyjvbz. ×nj nfrjt nfrcjyjvbz? Ñeotcnde. hfpkbxyst dbls nfrcjyjvbq b hfpkbxyst jghtltktybz 'njuj nthvbyf. ×fcnj nfrcjyjvbz ghtlcnfdkztncz rfr lhtdjdblyfz bthfh[bz nthvbyjd, bcgjkmpe.ob[cz lkz rkfccbabrfwbb j,]trnjd (yfghbvth, hfcntybq bkb ;bdjnys[). Ïthdjyfxfkmyj ckjdj «nfrcjyjvbz» j,jpyfxfkj yfere j rkfccbabrfwbb dtotq, yj cj dhtvtytv jyj cnfkj ghbvtyznmcz r k.,jq cbcntvt rkfccbabrfwbb bkb rfntujhbpfwbb. Ñtqxfc vs e;t yt ujdjhbv j nfrcjyjvbb rfr j yfert – gjl nthvbyjv nfrcjyjvbz gjybvftncz nbg eghfdkztvjuj ckjdfhz, bvt.otuj bthfh[bxtcre. cnhernehe.  nfrcjyjvbb rjyrhtnyst (,jktt cgtwbabxyst, ljxthybt) 'ktvtyns d[jlzn d ibhjrbt (,jktt j,obt, hjlbntkmcrbt) 'ktvtyns. Ïhbvth bthfh[bb 'ktvtynjd:
Óghfdkztvsq ckjdfhm, 'nj juhfybxtyysq cgbcjr ckjd b nthvbyjd, bcgjkmpetvs[ lkz byltrcfwbb b rfntujhbpfwbb. Ájkmibycndj eghfdkztvs[ ckjdfhtq bvt.n ljgjkybntkmyst ccskrb, erfpsdf.obt c ytghtlgjxnbntkmys[ 'ktvtynjd (cbyjybvjd, dfhbfynjd yfgbcfybz) yf ghtlgjxnbntkmyst. Ötkm eghfdkztvjuj ckjdfhz – j,tcgtxtybt gjcktljdfntkmyjcnb ghb byltrcfwbb, rfntujhbpfwbb yfghfdktybt gjkmpjdfntkz ghb gjbcrt yf ye;ye. byajhvfwb.. Ðfpkbxyst dbls nfrcjyjvbq b eghfdkztvs[ ckjdfhtq bpdtcnys gjl hfpkbxysvb yfpdfybzvb. Åckb eghfdkztvsq ckjdfhm ghtlcnfdkztn cj,jq njkmrj gthtxtym nthvbyjd c b[ cbyjybvfvb b yb jlby bp cbyjybvjd yt yfpyfxftncz ghtlgjxnbntkmysv, nj jy yfpsdftncz rjkmwjv cbyjybvjd. Ájktt ckj;ysq eghfdkztvsq ckjdfhm c bthfh[bxtcrjq cnhernehjq (j,obt nthvbys / rjyrhtnyst nthvbys), cj cdzpzvb b pfdbcbvjcnzvb vt;le nthvbyfvb yfpsdftncz ntpfehec. Ñkj;yst ntpfehecs c yfcnhfbdftvsvb ctvfynbxtcrbvb cdzpzvb, nfrbvb rfr «yf[jlbncz d», «bcgjkmpetncz lkz», «zdkztncz xktyjv», «ghbyflkt;bn» bpdtcnys rfr jynjkjubb.  gjcktlytt dhtvz ckjdj nfrcjyjvbz cnfkj xfcnj bcgjkmpjdfnmcz lkz j,jpyfxtybz k.,s[ eghfdkztvs[ ckjdfhtq b cbcntv rkfccbabrfwbb, ,elm nj ghjcnjq ukjccfhbq bkb [jhjij cnhernehbhjdfyyfz jynjkjubz. Òfrbv j,hfpjv nfrcjyjvbz – 'nj bthfh[bxtcrfz cbcntvf rkfccbabrfwbb bkb eghfdkztvsq ckjdfhm. È nj b lheujt vj;tn jrfpfnmcz gjktpysv lkz ekexitybz yfdbufwbb b rfxtcndf gjbcrf gj cfqne. Èthfh[bz b byajhvfwbjyyfz fh[bntrnehf  gtxfnyjq ghjlerwbb cnhfybws hfcgjkj;tys, rfr ghfdbkj, d dblt kbytqyjq gjcktljdfntkmyjcnb.  'ktrnhjyyjv ajhvfnt cnhfybws hfcgjkj;tys, rfr ghfdbkj, bthfh[bxtcrb. Îxtdblyj, xnj kbytqysq ajhvfn yt ,eltn hf,jnfnm d ubgthghjcnhfycndt, ult gjkmpjdfntkm vj;tn gthtqnb r k.,jve 'ktvtyne, rjnjhjve pf[jxtn jlybv rkbrjv. Íj gjxtve bvtyyj bthfh[bxtcrfz cnhernehf? Ë.lb «cthazn» gj bynthytne, dvtcnj njuj, xnj,s xbnfnm dct d jlyjv vtcnt; jcyjdyst bltb, j,pjhs, htp.vt hfcgjkfuf.ncz yf cnhfybwf[ dth[ytuj ehjdyz, ,jktt gjlhj,yfz b rjyrhtnyfz byajhvfwbz hfcgjkj;tyf yf cnhfybwf[ ,jktt ybprjuj ehjdyz. Ítxnj gjlj,yjt bcgjkmpetncz d gtxfnys[ ufptnf[, rjulf yf gthdjq cnhfybwt hfpvtof.n pfujkjdrb, f cfvb ntrcns yf[jlzncz yf dyenhtyyb[ cnhfybwf[. Èyajhvfwbjyyfz fh[bntrnehf cfqnjd ghbybvftn bthfh[bxtcrbq ajhvfn c ukfdyjq cnhfybwtq, dtndktybtv jn ukfdyjq cnhfybws r dyenhtyybv, j,hfpez, nfrbv j,hfpjv, gthtdthyene. lhtdjdblye. cnhernehe. Òfrfz cnhernehf yf[jlbn jnhf;tybt d vty., cjlth;fob[ geyrns dnjhjuj ehjdyz, hfcrhsdf.ob[cz vty. b d rfhnf[ cfqnjd.
Ðfpevttncz, xnj hfphf,jnrf [jhjitq bthfh[bxtcrjq cnhernehs bvttn df;yjt pyfxtybt lkz cjplfybz cfqnjd c [jhjibv lbpfqyjv b elj,yjq yfdbufwbtq. Ïjybvfybt jcyjd b yfb,jktt elfxys[ ghbvthjd gjvj;tn lbpfqythfv b byajhvfwbjyysv fh[bntrnjhfv cjplfdfnm cfqns kexit. Óghfdkztvst ckjdfhb b elj,cndj gjbcrf Äheujt ghbvtytybt nfrcjyjvbb d wbahjdjq chtlt – gjdsitybt elj,cndf gjbcrf. Ífpdfybz nthvbyjd b gjyznbq ljk;ys ,snm nofntkmyj ghjfyfkbpbhjdfys. Òthvbys ljk;ys ,snm jlyjpyfxysvb, yj d nj ;t dhtvz dslth;fys d jlyjv cnbkt. Ífpdfybz rfntujhbq ljk;ys ,snm rhfnrbvb, xnj,s b[ vj;yj ,skj drk.xfnm d vty.. Òthvbys, bcgjkmpe.obtcz d vty., ljk;ys bcgjkmpjdfnmcz d pfujkjdrf[ b lheub[ vtcnf[ yf cfqnt – nfrfz gjcktljdfntkmyjcnm cjcnfdkztn jcyjde yfdbufwbb gj cfqne. Êjulf vs ujdjhbv j gjbcrt, vs, dthjznyj, gjlhfpevtdftv gjbcrjdsq ldb;jr. Äkz vyjub[ bp yfc hf,jnf gjbcrjdjq cbcntvs jcnftncz vfntvfnbxtcrjq pfuflrjq – ceotcnde.n fkujhbnvs, exbnsdf.obt xfcnjns, ,kbpjcnm ckjd b ahfp, yj xfcnj dct cdjlbncz r njve, xnj,s ddtltyyst gjkmpjdfntktv ckjdf ghbcencndjdfkb yf cnhfybwt. Îlyfrj, tckb lkz gjbcrf bcgjkmpe.ncz cbyjybvs (yfghbvth, «vfibyf» dvtcnj «fdnjvj,bkm»), xfcnm ye;ys[ cnhfybw ,eltn enthzyf. Â 'njv ckexft nfrcjyjvbz nbgf rjkmwf cbyjybvjd vj;tn ceotcndtyyj ekexibnm htpekmnfns gjbcrf. Âvtcnj njuj, xnj,s ghjcnj bcrfnm ckjdf bp ddtltyyjuj gjkmpjdfntktv pfghjcf, gjbcrjdfz cbcntvf cyfxfkf hfpj,mtn tuj yf ckjdf bkb ahfps, yfqltn lkz yb[ cbyjybvs b e;t c extnjv 'njuj ,eltn bcrfnm cnhfybws. Ïhb 'njv, ybrfrjuj rjkmwf cbyjybvjd gjkmpjdfntkm yt edblbn. Ítrjnjhst dscjrjrkfccyst gjbcrjdst ldb;rb vjuen gjcnfdkznmcz cj dcnhjtyyjq aeyrwbtq cjplfybz nfrcjyjvbb, yj – pf bcrk.xtybtv yt,jkmijuj xbckf cgtwbabxtcrb[ ldb;rjd – ldb;rb htlrj gjcnfdkz.ncz cj dcnhjtyyjq nfrcjyjvbtq. Íj lf;t ghjcntqibt ldb;rb, d njv xbckt b ,tcgkfnyst, gjpdjkz.n yfcnhjbnm gjbcr d wtktds[ j,kfcnz[ (yfghbvth, rk.xtdst ckjdf bkb vtnf-ntub). Åckb ds yfcnhjbnt gjbcrjdsq ldb;jr lkz gjbcrf njkmrj gj rk.xtdsv ckjdfv, f yt gj gjkysv ntrcnfv, b e,tlbntcm, xnj dct cnhfybws ghfdbkmyj gjvtxtys rk.xtdsvb ckjdfvb, ds cvj;tnt djcgjkmpjdfnmcz dctvb ghtbveotcndfvb nfrcjyjvbb. Áfps lfyys[ yt zdkz.ncz j,zpfntkmysvb lkz nfrcjyjvbb, yj ytrjnjhst dbls rjyntnynf ltqcndbntkmyj elj,ytt [hfybnm b bcrfnm d ,fpt lfyys[. Äkz nfrcjyjvbb, rjnjhfz gjllth;bdftn pfghjcs jlyjdhtvtyyj gj ytcrjkmrbv gfhfvtnhfv (yfghbvth, gj ltqcndb., ghjlerne b hfcgjkj;tyb.), e;t ,eltn ytj,[jlbvjq. Êfrbt nbgs cfqnjd gjntywbfkmyst rfylblfns lkz bcgjkmpjdfybz nfrcjyjvbb? Ïhb hfphf,jnrt lbpfqyf lkz k.,juj cfqnf vj;yj bpdktxm gjkmpe bp jcyjd rkfccbabrfwbb, [jnz lkz yt,jkmib[ cfqnjd ckj;yst nfrcjyjvbb yt ye;ys. Êhegyst cfqns, yfghbvth, dyenhtyybt gjhnfks rhegys[ lbdthcbabwbhjdfyys[ rjvgfybq, ghfdbntkmcndtyys[ exht;ltybq, eybdthcbntnjd cvjuen bpdktxm gjkmpe bp nofntkmyj cghjtrnbhjdfyyjq nfrcjyjvbb. Ñfqns, rjnjhst cjlth;fn ,jkmibt yf,jhs cnfntq, bpj,hf;tybq bkb lheub[ lfyys[, nfr;t vjuen ekexibnm gjbcr c gjvjom. nfrcjyjvbb.
Ñfqns 'ktrnhjyyjq rjvvthwbb, yf rjnjhs[ dct ghjlerns hfp,bns gj rfntujhbzv, ghtrhfcyst rfylblfns lkz bcgjkmpjdfybz afctnyjq nfrcjyjvbb (bkb afctnyjq rkfccbabrfwbb). Ïhbpyfrfvb ,elen hfpkbxyst [fhfrnthbcnbrb ghjlernf – nbg, yfpyfxtybt, yf rfrb[ gjregfntktq jhbtynbhjdfy, wtyjdfz rfntujhbz, wdtn, hfpvth b n.l. Ïjkmpjdfntkm ds,bhftn pyfxbvst lkz ytuj [fhfrnthbcnbrb, pflftn gj ybv juhfybxtybz b gjkexftn cgbcjr htpekmnfnjd, cjjndtncnde.ob[ erfpfyysv nht,jdfybzv. Ñfqns, jhbtynbhjdfyyst yf hf,jne c gjkmpjdfntkzvb, lkz rjnjhs[ yt gjl[jlbn tlbyfz cbcntvf rkfccbabrfwbb, vjuen bcgjkmpjdfnm jnltkmyst nfrcjyjvbb lkz rf;ljq rfntujhbb, rfr, yfghbvth, yf cfqnt Verizon Superpages:
Êfr cjplftncz nfrcjyjvbz? Õjnz vyjubt cbcntvs eghfdktybz rjyntynjv b gjbcrjdst ldb;rb gjllth;bdf.n djpvj;yjcnm byntuhfwbb nfrcjyjvbb, ,jkmibycndj bp yb[ yt cjlth;bn ljcnfnjxyj aeyrwbq lkz cjplfybz b eghfdktybz nfrcjyjvbtq d hfvrf[ cfvjq cbcntvs. Î,sxyj, nfrcjyjvbz cj,bhftncz c gjvjom. jnltkmys[ bycnhevtynjd b gjnjv byntuhbhetncz d CMS bkb ghbbcrjde. cbcntve. Äkz yt,jkmijq nfrcjyjvbb vj;yj cjplfnm cgbcjr nthvbyjd d Excel, f pfntv bvgjhnbhjdfnm tuj. Íj lkz ,jktt ckj;ys[ cbcntv ye;ys bycnhevtyns, gjllth;bdf.obt ytcrjkmrj cbyjybvjd lkz rf;ljuj nthvbyf, cdzpb vt;le nthvbyfvb, jghtltktybz nthvbyjd, fnhb,ens b rfntujhbb nthvbyjd. Äjcnegyst yfcnjkmyst bycnhevtyns lkz cjplfybz nfrcjyjvbb bkb ntpfehecf, rjnjhst vjuen 'rcgjhnbhjdfnm ckj;yst nfrcjyjvbb d XML b HTML 'nj MultiTes, Webchoir TCS-10, b Term Tree 2000. Ájktt ghjldbyenst cbcntvs gjllth;bdf.n vyjujgjkmpjdfntkmcre. hf,jne, cjplfybt hfcghtltktyyjq nfrcjyjvbb, aeyrwbb byltrcbhjdfybz; 'nj Synaptica, WordMap, SchemaLogic, b Thesaurus Master. Ífrjytw, tcnm gjbcrjdst cbcntvs c aeyrwbzvb fdnjvfnbxtcrjq rkfccbabrfwbb b cjcnfdktybz nfrcjyjvbb. Ècgjkmpjdfybt ghjuhfvvyjuj j,tcgtxtybz cfvj gj ct,t yt ghbdtltn r cjplfyb. gjktpyjq nfrcjyjvbb, nfr;t rfr [jhjibq HTML-htlfrnjh yt ufhfynbhetn, xnj gjkexbncz [jhjibq cfqn. Ñjplfybt [jhjitq nfrcjyjvbb nht,etn ljgjkybntkmys[ yfdsrjd b pyfybq d j,kfcnb rkfccbabrfwbb. Ífb,jktt gj[jlzobvb pyfybzvb lkz cjplfybz nfrcjyjvbb zdkz.ncz k.lb, cdzpfyyst c hf,jnjq d ,b,kbjntrf[, hf,jnjq c byajhvfwbtq bkb bvt.obt jgsn gj cjplfyb. ntpfehecjd. Çfrk.xtybt Åckb dfitq wtkm. zdkztncz ekexitybt byajhvfwbjyyjq cnhernehs cfqnf bkb gjdsitybz rfxtcndf hf,jns gjbcrjdjq cbcntvs, nfrcjyjvbz vj;tn jrfpfnm d 'njv ltkt pyfxbntkmye. gjvjom. p1uton.ru/2008/02/06/better-living-through-taxonomies/#more-29
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