ÀÁÐÀÊÀÄÀÁÐÀ (Òîæå ñàìîå íî â ÷èòàåìîì âèäå)Ñjplfybt ctnb Internet2 (Internet2 — 'nj b yfpdfybt rjycjhwbevf, cjcnjzotuj bp lde[cjn eybdthcbntnjd b rhegys[ ÈÒ-rjvgfybq, b yfpdfybt ctnb, gjcnhjtyyjq rjycjhwbevjv) [hjyjkjubxtcrb cjdgfkj c gtht[jljv Èynthytnf bp hfphzlf frfltvbxtcrb[ ctntq d hfphzl ctntq vfccjdjuj egjnht,ktybz. Óxtysv gjyflj,bkfcm cdj,jlyfz jn ghjcns[ gjkmpjdfntktq gkjoflrf, gtcjxybwf, d rjnjhjq vj;yj ,skj ,s ktgbnm cdjb rekbxbrb, ybrjve yt vtifz. Èynthytn yf 'ne hjkm yt ujlbkcz, gj'njve bccktljdfntkb bp 34 fvthbrfycrb[ eybdthcbntnjd htibkb gjcnhjbnm yjde. ctnm, rjnjhfz b gjkexbkf yfpdfybt Internet2 (Ïjlhj,ytt j, Internet2 vj;yj ghjxbnfnm d cnfnmt Áthlf Êbdb «Internet2 — bcnjhbz ,eleotuj» («ÊÒ» #420)).Internet2 lkz yfxfkmybrjdÂjghtrb yfpdfyb., Internet2 gjyfxfke djdct yt ,sk «Èynthytnjv cktle.otuj gjrjktybz» (Next Generation Internet (NGI) — pfrhsnsq r yfcnjzotve dhtvtyb atlthfkmysq fvthbrfycrbq ghjtrn). Ðtitybt j cjplfybb Internet2 ,skj ghbyznj jctym. 1996 ujlf, f pfhf,jnfk jy xthtp jlbyyflwfnm vtczwtd — pf cnjkm rjhjnrbq ghjvt;enjr dhtvtyb cltkfnm yjde. ctnm c yekz ythtfkmyj. Ïj'njve cnhernehyj Internet2 jxtym gj[j; yf j,sxysq Èynthytn. Ålbycndtyyjt pfvtnyjt jnkbxbt — jncencndbt vtlktyys[ cjtlbytybq. Ïhjgecryfz cgjcj,yjcnm cfvjuj eprjuj ctuvtynf Internet2 — 100 Ì,bn/c. Ïhjgecryfz cgjcj,yjcnm ,'r,jyf (Abilene) c ghjikjuj ujlf — 10 Ã,bn/c ('nj yt jxtym vyjuj, yj b gjkmpjdfntktq e Internet2 yf gjhzlrb vtymit, xtv e Èynthytnf, nfr xnj bv, vzurj ujdjhz, [dfnftn). Ñrjhjcnm ,skf df;yf lkz elj,cndf hfphf,jnrb nht,jdfntkmys[ r ctntdsv htcehcfv ghbkj;tybq. Îlyfrj yfdthyzrf bvtk vtcnj b yt[bnhsq gjkbnbxtcrbq hfcxtn. Ïhjtrne nht,jdfkbcm ltymub. ×fcnbxyj abyfycbhjdfybt j,tcgtxbdfkb rjhgjhfnbdyst exfcnybrb ghjtrnf (Microsoft, Cisco b n. l.), jlyfrj jn atlthfkmyjuj abyfycbhjdfybz ybrjve tot [e;t yt ,skj. Êfr gjgekzhyj j,]zcybnm xbyjdybrfv «ghjldbyenjcnm» ghjtrnf Internet2? Ìfubtq xbctk — [jl, ghjdthtyysq vfhrtnjkjufvb vyjujrhfnyj. Ïjregfntkb ghjwtccjhjd ckjdyj ltnb, pfdjhj;tyyst aktqnjq rhscjkjdf, yf,k.lfkb pf ujyrjq vtufuthw; gjregfntkb wbahjds[ rfvth njkmrj ctqxfc yfxbyf.n gjybvfnm, xnj tvrjcnm vfnhbws b rfxtcndj cybvrjd lfktrj yt dctulf yt dpfbvjcdzpfys. Òfr b pltcm. Î,]zcybnm gjktpyjcnm Internet2 jrfpfkjcm ghjot c bcgjkmpjdfybtv ,jkmib[ b d j,otv-nj vfkj j xtv ujdjhzob[ gfhfvtnhjd ghjgecryjq cgjcj,yjcnb (Òtpbc j ds,bdfybb ajyljd — fdnjhcrjt ghtlgjkj;tybt. Âsukzlbn ljdjkmyj kjubxyj, yj, hfpevttncz, ybrfrb[ cdbltntkmcnd 'njuj yt cj[hfybkjcm. — Ïhbv. htl). Ïhtlgjkj;tybt, xnj egjh yf crjhjcnys[ ljcnb;tybz[ ,sk cltkfy cjpyfntkmyj, gjlndth;lftncz b ntv afrnjv, xnj yfb,jktt hfphtrkfvbhjdfyyst ljcnb;tybz Internet2 pf gjcktlybt ctvm ktn rfcf.ncz rfr hfp gjdsitybz crjhjcnb gthtlfxb byajhvfwbb. Ïjhjq lf;t rf;tncz, xnj cjplfntkb Internet2 pf,skb j cdjtq ukfdyjq wtkb — gjcnhjbnm gjkbujy lkz jnkflrb frnefkmys[ lkz Èynthytnf nt[yjkjubq.
Âgtxfnktybt 'nj j,vfyxbdj b dspdfyj, d gthde. jxthtlm, ntv, xnj d Internet2 hf,jnftn vyj;tcndj bccktljdfntkmcrb[ uhegg, hfpdjhfxbdf.ob[ cfvst hfpyst ghjtrns. À dj dnjhe. — ntv, xnj Internet2 ckbirjv j,juyfk dhtvz. Äkz ibhjrjuj dytlhtybz hfphf,jnjr Internet2 ctujlyziyb[ vjoyjcntq Èynthytnf ghjcnj yt [dfnbn. Ájktt njuj, lf;t j,]zcybnm ytj,[jlbvjcnm jnltkmys[ hfphf,jnjr j,sxyjve gjkmpjdfntk. nhelyj. Ñ ntv ;t ecgt[jv vj;yj j,ce;lfnm drec ecnhbw c ujkjlysv rfyyb,fkjv, rjnjhsq bp dt;kbdjcnb rbdftn, yj e;t dfc gjcjkbk (Ñt,z fdnjh jnyjcbn r rfntujhbb j,sxys[ gjkmpjdfntktq, gjcrjkmre ecnhbw, r cj;fktyb., yt tk. Next Generation Internet (NGI) — pfrhsnsq r yfcnjzotve dhtvtyb atlthfkmysq fvthbrfycrbq ghjtrn). È, ntv yt vtytt, gjghj,etv. Internet2 lkz xfqybrjd
Èvt.ncz d dble, ght;lt dctuj, bynthfrnbdyst cke;,s b gthtlfxf dbltj d htfkmyjv dhtvtyb. Ñ.lf ;t vj;yj jnytcnb ghjtrns bynthfrnbdyjuj lbcnfywbjyyjuj j,extybz, elfktyyjt eghfdktybt eybrfkmysv yfexysv bycnhevtynfhbtv (ghbvth: ds yf[jlbntcm d ujhjlt À, b dfv rhjdm bp yjce ye;yj djcgjkmpjdfnmcz ntktcrjgjv, hfcgjkj;tyysv d ujhjlt Á), gthtlfxe gjnjrjdjuj dbltj d dscjrjv hfphtitybb b n. l. Âbltjrjyathtywbb? Ëturj. Òt[yjkjubb ntktghbcencndbz (teleimmersion), rjulf exfcnybrb j,ce;ltybz yf[jlzncz d cgtwbfkmyj cajhvbhjdfyyjv dbhnefkmyjv ghjcnhfycndt b j,of.ncz ghb 'njv nfr, ,elnj yf[jlzncz d jlyjq rjvyfnt? Âsgjkybvj. Ïthtlfxf dbltj d htfkmyjv dhtvtyb? Ítn ybxtuj ghjot. Ïthtlfxf dbltj… Ñrf;tnt nj;t. Íf pfuhepre «Ìfnhbws» d DVD-rfxtcndt e dkfltkmwf j,sxyjuj vjltvf eqltn 171 xfc. Ñxfcnkbdwe, cblzotve yf ISDN-kbybb, gjnht,etncz 74 xfcf. Òtv, rnj gjlrk.xbkcz gj ADSL, yf ne ;t jgthfwb. ye;yj gjhzlrf 25 xfcjd. Ïjxnb yt,j;bntkb — dkfltkmws T1 — cvjuen gjcvjnhtnm abkmv xthtp 6,4 xfcf. Óxfcnybrfv Internet2 yf pfuhepre abkmvf ye;yj 30 ctreyl. Ít bcrk.xtyj, xnj rfr hfp 'nb crjhjcnb (gk.c gjgekzhyjcnm P2P-htitybq d Internet2) b pfcnfdbkb Àvthbrfycre. fccjwbfwb. rbyjghjvsiktyybrjd (MPAA) gjlfnm d 'njv vtczwt pfzdre yf exfcnbt d Internet2. Òfrbv j,hfpjv vtlbfvfuyfns gjkexfn d cdjt hfcgjhz;tybt yjdst djpvj;yjcnb Èynthytnf yf ytcrjkmrj ktn hfymit, xtv gbhfns.
Ó;t pyfrjvst yfv QoS (Quality of Service) b IPv6 frnbdyj ntcnbhe.ncz d Internet2. Òfv ;t jnhf,fnsdfkfcm b nt[yjkjubz vekmnbrfcnbyuf (jlyjdhtvtyyjq hfccskrb yf uhegge [jcnjd).
Átpjgfcyjcnm, cke;,s rfnfkjujd b n. l. b n. g. Ít crfpfnm, xnj 'njuj lj,hf d ysytiytv Èynthytnt vfkj, yj ctqxfc d ytv bcgjkmpe.ncz d jcyjdyjv htitybz yf ehjdyt ghbkj;tybq, xnj dtltn r dpfbvyjq ytcjdvtcnbvjcnb c[j;b[ gj aeyrwbjyfkmyjcnb cthdbcjd. Çflfxf bccktljdfntktq — cjplfnm j,otghbyznst cnfylfhns b j,tcgtxbnm b[ cjdvtcnbvjcnm. Ïjljhj;yfzÏhjgecryfz cgjcj,yjcnm Abilene, zdkz.otqcz ,'r,jyjv Internet2, ljcnbukf 10 Ã,bn/c. Ñdjt bvz vfubcnhfkm gjkexbkf d xtcnm cnfywbb, rjnjhfz d XIX dtrt ,skf cbvdjkjv yfwbjyfkmyjq ;tktpyjq ljhjub. Ê rjywe 2006 ujlf gkfybhetncz j,tcgtxbnm rf;lsq eptk gjkjcjq 100 Ã,bn, jlyfrj rjycjhwbev Internet2 ghbyzk exfcnbt d yt vtytt fv,bwbjpyjv ghjtrnt — cnhjbntkmcndt National LambdaRail, gthdjq nhfycrjynbytynfkmyjq Ethernet-ctnb. National LambdaRail — 'nj jgnbxtcrfz ctnm, gjcnhjtyyfz gj nt[yjkjubb DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing). Ïj jlyjve djkjrye jlyjdhtvtyyj vj;yj gthtlfdfnm jn 32 lj 40 rfyfkjd, rf;ljve bp rjnjhs[ cjjndtncndetn jghtltktyyfz lkbyf djkys (jnc.lf d yfpdfybb gjzdbkfcm Lambda). Ïhjgecryfz cgjcj,yjcnm rf;ljuj rfyfkf — 10 Ã,bn/c. Óxfcnbt d ghjtrnt j,[jlbncz ytltitdj — rjycjhwbeve Internet2 ghbltncz pfgkfnbnm d ,kb;fqibt gznm ktn 10 vky. ljkkfhjd pf ldf 10-ubuf,bnys[ gjlrk.xtybz, jlyj bp rjnjhs[ e;t ljcnfkjcm ghjtrne HOPI (hybrid optical and packet infrastructure, hopi.internet2.edu). Ó rfyfkf NLR tcnm gthtl vjoyjcnzvb Internet2 ytcrjkmrj ceotcndtyys[ ghtbveotcnd. Âj-gthds[, jy f,cjk.nyj ytpfdbcbv jn Èynthytnf b, xnj yt vtytt df;yj, jn Internet2, gj'njve 'rcgthbvtyns yf cdjtq dsltktyyjq kbybb vj;yj dtcnb ,tp jukzlrb yf rjkktu. Âj-dnjhs[, Abilene ghtljcnfdkztn yt njkmrj rfyfk, yj b IP-byahfcnhernehe, njulf rfr bccktljdfntkm, gjlrk.xtyysq r NLR, vj;tn yfxfnm ,erdfkmyj c xbcnjuj kbcnf. Â-nhtnmb[, NLR gjrf ,scnhtt. Ðtrjhlyfz crjhjcnm gthtlfxb byajhvfwbb (Ðtrjhl ecnfyjdkty d ctynz,ht 2004 ujlf, rjulf vt;le Êfkbajhybqcrbv nt[yjkjubxtcrbv bycnbnenjv b CERN cjcnjzkfcm gthtlfxf 859 Ã,fqn lfyys[ vtytt xtv pf 17 vbyen) xthtp Internet2 cjcnfdbkf 6,63 Ã,bn/c (djpdhfofzcm r fyfkjubb c «Ìfnhbwtq», enjxybv, xnj yf gthtlfxe DVD e yfc eikj ,s 4 ctreyls). NLR j,tcgtxbdftn «xtcnyst» 10 Ã,bn/c. Êfr yb cnhfyyj, yfikbcm ghbkj;tybz, rjnjhsv yt [dfnftn crjhjcntq Internet2. Åckb lkz gthtlfxb dbltj ghjgecryjq cgjcj,yjcnb ceotcnde.ob[ rfyfkjd jrfpfkjcm ,jktt xtv ljcnfnjxyj, nj ghjtrnfv, cdzpfyysv c j,hf,jnrjq ,jkmib[ vfccbdjd byajhvfwbb (yfghbvth, vjltkbhjdfybt rkbvfnf b j,vty lfyysvb vt;le hfcxtnysvb wtynhfvb), jcdjbnm ghtlkj;tyye. 10-Ã,bn gjkjce ,eltn ytnhelyj. Ñnhjbntkmcndj NLR tot yt pfrjyxtyj. Â 'njv ujle pfdthibkfcm njkmrj gthdfz afpf ghjtrnf. Â gjkye. cbke yjdfz vfubcnhfkm pfhf,jnftn kbim r rjywe cktle.otuj ujlf. Íj xnj rjyrhtnyj?Ìyjujktnytt — b yt,tcgkfnyjt — exfcnbt d Internet2 rhegys[ ÈÒ-rjvgfybq — kexitt ljrfpfntkmcndj njuj, xnj extyst yt lfhjv tlzn cdjq [kt,. Â b[ pflfxe yt d[jlbn cjplfybt yjdjuj Èynthytnf, rjnjhsq d jlby ghtrhfcysq ltym gjkmpjdfntk. gjlytcen yf nfhtkjxrt. Ýnj ntcnjdfz gkjoflrf lkz jnkflrb jnltkmys[ nt[yjkjubq, rjnjhst vs, r cj;fktyb., gjrf bcgjkmpjdfnm yt vj;tv — yt gjpdjkztn ghjgecryfz cgjcj,yjcnm j,otljcnegys[ ctntq. Ájkmit njuj, yf ibhjrjgjkjcyst cthdbcs, gjlj,yst ntv, xnj ghj[jlzn ghjdthre d Internet2, b cghjcf-nj yfcnjzotuj ytn. Êf;lsq, rjytxyj, ujnjd gjvtyznm cdjq vjltv yf 100-vtuf,bnyjt gjlrk.xtybt r Ñtnb, yj k.ltq, cgjcj,ys[ b ;tkf.ob[ jgkfnbnm bplth;rb, yt nfr e; vyjuj. Ájkmibycnde [dfnftn nt[ djpvj;yjcntq, rjnjhst ghtljcnfdkztn cjdhtvtyysq Èynthytn. Êjhgjhfnbdyst exfcnybrb Internet2 e;t cnjkryekbcm c ntv, xnj nt[yjkjubxtcrfz ujnjdyjcnm htitybz jny.lm yt jpyfxftn, xnj r 'njve htityb. ujnjd hsyjr. Ïj'njve vyjubt nt[yjkjubb jnikbajdsdf.ncz b ghblth;bdf.ncz lj njuj dhtvtyb, rjulf yf yb[ gjzdbncz cghjc. Àyfkbnbrb jnvtxf.n, xnj gjrf dscjrjcrjhjcnysv ljcnegjv bynthtce.ncz d jcyjdyjv j,hfpjdfntkmyst exht;ltybz, f djn rjvvthxtcrbt jhufybpfwbb gkfnbnm pf 'nj ujnjds yt dctulf. Îgsn Internet2 gjrfpfk nfr;t, xnj dscjrjcrjhjcnyst cthdbcs nht,e.n yjds[ gjl[jljd b ghjlfdfnm b[ nfr ;t, rfr ghjlftncz Èynthytn ctujlyz, ytkmpz. Ábpytc-vjltkb, celz gj dctve, nj;t lj rjywf yt hfphf,jnfys. Ïj rhfqytq vtht, jcj,tyyjq frnbdyjcnb cj cnjhjys rjvvthxtcrb[ exfcnybrjd Internet2 gjrf yt pfvtnyj — blen bccktljdfybz, b gecrfq ct,t blen. Íj d jlby ghtrhfcysq ltym vs gjlrk.xbvcz r Èynthytne, b dvtcnj ghbdsxyjuj jrjirf d ICQ edblbv yf vjybnjht xtnrjt dbltjbpj,hf;tybt cj,tctlybrf, f vj;tn ,snm, lf;t cj,tctlybrf, rfr ,elnj cblzotuj pf cjctlybv cnjkjv. Àdnjh: Àktrcfylh Ïfhfvjyjd |
Ðfphf,jnxbrb cjchtljnjxbkbcm yf nfrb[ yfghfdktybz[: