|
ÀÁÐÀÊÀÄÀÁÐÀ (Òîæå ñàìîå íî â ÷èòàåìîì âèäå)
×nj nfrjt usability? Ñkexfkjcm kb dfv, edf;ftvst
xbnfntkb, ctkbnmcz d ujcnbybwt b r cdjtve bpevktyb. j,yfhe;bdfnm, xnj
leif d yjvtht ytn, f tlbycndtyysq cfyeptk yf[jlbncz yf 'nf;t? Èkb
,sdfkj nfr, xnj ds ghb[jlbkb d rfat cgjrjqyj gjj,tlfnm b jnlj[yenm jn
gjdctlytdys[ ghj,ktv b c e;fcjv jcjpyfdfkb ytdjpvj;yjcnm gjljldbyenm
cnek r cnjkbre nfrbv j,hfpjv, xnj,s yt nzyenmcz pf nfhtkrjq yf nhb
vtnhf, gj ghbxbyt njuj, xnj jy (cnek) ghbrhexty r gjke? Äevf., xnj
nfrbt bkb gj[j;bt cbnefwbb ,skb ghfrnbxtcrb e rf;ljuj xtkjdtrf.
Ítcjvytyyj, jncencndbt rfrb[-nj 'ktvtynfhys[ eckjdbq rjvajhnf,
eljdktndjhz.ob[ pfghjcfv gjnht,bntkz eckeu, zdkztncz ,jkmibv vbyecjv
lkz nt[, rnj nfrbt eckeub gjcnfdkztn b tot dpbvftn jghtltktyye. gkfne
pf b[ bcgjkmpjdfybt. Ïjyznyj, xnj rfrbvb ,s ljhjujcnjzobvb b 'kbnysvb
yt ,skb eckeub, dct jyb gj jghtltktyb. ljk;ys cjjndtncndjdfnm
ghtlcnfdktyb. gjnht,bntkz j, elj,cndt, ghfrnbxyjcnb, ,scnhjnt,
htpekmnfnbdyjcnb b ghjxbv rhbnthbzv, jnyjczobvcz r j,kfcnb
ghtljcnfdktybz eckeu. Â yfitq gjdctlytdyjq ;bpyb jncencndbt gjlj,ys[
rhbnthbtd vs ghbdsrkb yfpsdfnm lbcrjvajhnjv, f ytcjjndtncnde.obt yfibv
pfghjcfv eckeub - [fknehjq b yfledfntkmcndjv. Ñtujlyz e;t
vfkj rjuj elbdkztn, yfcrjkmrj ntcyj dpfbvjltqcnde.n vt;le cj,jq vbh
htfkmysq b vbh dbhnefkmysq. Åckb extcnm, xnj Èynthytn rfr ,jktt vjkjljt
j,hfpjdfybt, hfpdbdfzcm, vyjujt gjpfbvcndjdfk bp ,jufnjuj jgsnf cdjtuj
cnfhituj njdfhbof (d njv xbckt b vyjujxbcktyyst jib,rb), nj djghjc
rjvajhnf d cbcntvt jrfpfybz eckeu gjnht,bntk. e ytuj ljk;ty cnjznm nfr
;t jcnhj. Òfr kb 'nj? Äfdfqnt hfp,thtvcz. Íf ctujlyziybq ltym
ukj,fkmyfz ctnm ghtlcnfdkztn cj,jq juhjvysq rkfltpm cfvs[ hfpyjj,hfpys[
eckeu: rjvvthxtcrb[ b ,tcgkfnys[, byajhvfwbjyys[ b htrkfvys[,
ghjbpdjlcndtyys[ b njhujds[, gthcjyfkmys[ b rjhgjhfnbdys[ b gh.
Ñjjndtncndtyyj, hfp yf Èynthytn-hsyrt ytn ltabwbnf nt[ bkb bys[ eckeu,
jyb xtnrj yfghfdktys r cdjtq felbnjhbb gjkmpjdfntktq, eljdktndjhzz b[
pfghjcs b gjnht,yjcnb. Äheubvb ckjdfvb, b d Èynthytnt k.,jq xtkjdtr rfr
gjntywbfkmysq gjnht,bntkm vj;tn xnj-kb,j pfrfpfnm, cltkfnm pfghjc,
gjkexbnm rjycekmnfwb., j,hfnbnmcz pf ghjatccbjyfkmyjq gjvjom. b n.l. È,
tcntcndtyyj, yfltznmcz gjkexbnm dscjrbq ehjdtym j,cke;bdfybz b gjkysq
rjvajhn d ghjwtcct gjkmpjdfybz. Èvtyyj 'nb ldf rjvgjytynf ecgt[f
gjcnfdobrf eckeu b cjcnfdkz.n wtke. cbcntve pyfybq, gfhfvtnhjd jwtyrb b
rhbnthbtd jghtltktybz 'aatrnbdyjcnb jrfpfybz eckeu, yfpsdftve.
usability. Â gthtdjlt c fyukbqcrjuj zpsrf ckjdj usability
,erdfkmyj vj;yj gthtdtcnb rfr "elj,cndj", "gjktpyjcnm" bkb, xnj ,jktt
,kbprj gj pyfxtyb., - "elj,cndj gjkmpjdfybz". Çf he,t;jv (d jcj,tyyjcnb
d ÑØÀ) gjyznbtv usability jgthbhe.n cfvst hfpyjj,hfpyst yferb:
gcb[jkjubz b cjwbjkjubz, vtytl;vtyn b vfhrtnbyu b lh. Ðfpevttncz,
rf;lfz j,kfcnm dyjcbn rfrbt-nj cdjb bylbdblefkmyst bpvtytybz d
nhfrnjdre 'njq cbcntvs, jlyfrj cenm gjyznbz usability jcnftncz
ytbpvtyyjq - cbcntvfnbpbhjdfyysq vtnjljkjubxtcrbq b nt[yjkjubxtcrbq
rjvgktrc ltqcndbq, yfghfdktyys[ yf ljcnb;tybt vfrcbvfkmyjuj elj,cndf
gjnht,bntkz d ghjwtcct gjkmpjdfybz rjyrhtnysvb eckeufvb. Î,kfcnm
byajhvfwbjyys[ nt[yjkjubq b, d xfcnyjcnb, Èynthytn nfr;t ye;lftncz d
bpextybb b ecjdthitycndjdfybb 'njuj rjvgktrcf - yf ehjdyt
dpfbvjltqcndbz cj cdjbvb dbhnefkmysvb gjnht,bntkzvb. Ñtujlyz
cbcntvf usability gjkexftn dct ,jkmitt hfcghjcnhfytybt d ghjwtcct
ghjtrnbhjdfybz b gjllth;rb Èynthytn-ghjtrnjd, bpextybz gjnht,bntkmcrjuj
gjdtltybz b dkbzybz dyenhtyytq ctntdjq chtls yf bvbl; ghjtrnjd b n.l.
Êfr b k.,fz cbcntvf, usability (lfktt lfyyjt gjyznbt ,eltn ghbvtytyj
bcrk.xbntkmyj r Èynthytn-ntvfnbrt) drk.xftn d ct,z jnltkmyst
yfghfdktybz, bpextyb. rjnjhs[ ytj,[jlbvj gjcdzofnm ,jkmijt rjkbxtcndj
dhtvtyb ghb cjplfybb k.,s[ ghjtrnjd d Ñtnb (jn gthcjyfkmyjuj cfqnf lj
rhegys[ rjhgjhfnbdys[ cthdthjd b ctntds[ cke;,). Âctuj d
cgtwbfkbpbhjdfyys[ ctntds[ b ryb;ys[ bcnjxybrf[ erfpsdftncz jrjkj 100
hfpkbxys[ yfghfdktybq usability, d cbke xtuj hfccrfpfnm j rf;ljv bp yb[
d hfvrf[ ;ehyfkmyjq cnfnmb yt ghtlcnfdkztncz djpvj;ysv. Íf,jktt df;ysvb
b bynthtcysvb, yf vjq dpukzl, cjcnfdkz.obvb cbcntvs usability zdkz.ncz
lbpfqy, htrkfvf, yfdbufwbz, xtkjdtxtcrbq afrnjh, uhfabrf b lh. Íf
ytrjnjhs[ bp yb[ z jcnfyjdk.cm ,jktt gjlhj,yj. Äbpfqy Èpextyb.
djghjcjd lbpfqyf (j,otuj jajhvktybz b rjvgjyjdrb) jndjlbncz jlyj bp
gthdjcntgtyys[ vtcn d cbcntvt usability. È 'nj yt elbdbntkmyj, tckb
extcnm njn afrn, xnj gthdjt dgtxfnktybt j dfitv Èynthytn-ghjtrnt e
gjctnbntkz ,eltn crkflsdfnmcz bvtyyj yf jcyjdt dbpefkmyjq jwtyrb
dytiytuj dblf cfqnf. Êfr ujdjhbncz, "dcnhtxf.n gj jlt;rt, f ghjdj;f.n
gj eve". Îlyfrj, ujdjhbnm j njv, xnj ghfdbkmyj d lbpfqyt, f xnj - ytn,
- pfntz yt bp kturb[, nfr rfr k.,jq gjl[jl r jwtyrt usability
htpekmnfnf lbpfqythcrjuj htitybz gjlhfpevtdftn ,jktt bkb vtytt
ce,]trnbdye. njyfkmyjcnm, xnj cdjbv j,hfpjv dkbztn yf jrjyxfntkmyst
dsdjls j cjjndtncndbb rjyrhtnyjuj cfqnf rhbnthbzv usability. Âj
bp,t;fybt dytctybz genfybws d htpekmnfns jwtyrb b ljcnb;tybz, gj
djpvj;yjcnb, vfrcbvfkmyjq j,]trnbdyjcnb ,skb hfphf,jnfys cgtwbfkmyst
vtnjlbrb jwtyrb cntgtyb cjjndtncndbz ntcnbhetvjuj cfqnf rhbnthbzv
cbcntvs usability. Îlyjq bp yfb,jktt ghjcns[, yj dvtcnt c ntv
htpekmnfnbdys[ vtnjlbr zdkztncz "Success Rate: The Simplest Usability Metric"
- hfphf,jnrf jcyjdjgjkj;ybrf cbcntvs usability ßrj,f Íbkmctyf (Jacob
Nielsen). Îlyfrj, lfdfqnt gj gjhzlre: egjvzyene. dsit b ghjxbt vtnjlbrb
vs hfccvjnhbv xenm gjp;t, f ctqxfc gjcvjnhbv, xnj levf.n gj gjdjle
usability d lbpfqyt Èynthytn-ghjtrnjd ghjatccbjyfks - k.lb, vyjubt ujls
hf,jnf.obt d ÈÒ-bylecnhbb, bpexf.obt djghjcs rhtfnbdf, vfhrtnbyuf,
htrkfvs b gh. Êhbc Ïjk, Êhtfnbd-lbhtrnjh IBM WebSphere (Chris Paul, Creative Director, IBM WebSphere): "...Åckb
ds jpflfxtys ntv, xnj cbnefwbz yf cfqnt yt cjjndtncndetn dfibv
j;blfybzv, ghj,ktvf, djpvj;yj, pfrk.xftncz yt d njv, xnj ghtlkfuftvst
dfitq rjvgfybtq ghjlerns bkb eckeub yt djcnht,jdfys yf hsyrt, b yt
gkj[jv gjl[jlt r byajhvfwbjyyjve yfgjkytyb. cfqnf. Ìj;tn jrfpfnmcz, xnj
ghbxbyf pfrk.xftncz d ytljcnfnjxyjv dybvfybb r gjkmpjdfntkmcrbv
ghtlgjxntybzv... Ìfkj bcgjkmpjdfnm gjcktlybt ljcnb;tybz d j,kfcnb
dt,-nt[yjkjubq, frnbdyj ghbvtyznm cbcntvs 'ktrnhjyyjq rjvvthwbb b
hfpvtofnmcz yf cdth[crjhjcnys[ cthdthf[. Åckb ds [jnbnt pfrhtgbnm cdjt
"vtcnj gjl cjkywtv", ytj,[jlbvj nofntkmyj bpexbnm ghtlgjxntybz
gjkmpjdfntkz dfib[ eckeu... Ïjyznbt "gjkmpjdfntkmcrbt ghtlgjxntybz"
vj;yj hfccvfnhbdfnm rfr cevvfhye. cntgtym eljdktndjhtybz xtkjdtrf jn
gjkmpjdfybz dfibv cfqnjv... È dytiytt jajhvktybt pltcm buhftn jlye bp
rk.xtds[ hjktq..." Äheubvb ckjdfvb, gj vytyb. Êhbcf
Ïjkf, gjctnbntkz jghtltktyyjuj Èynthytn-htcehcf d gjcktly.. jxthtlm
djkyetn, yf rfrjq fggfhfnyjq gkfnajhvt hf,jnftn cfqn b bcgjkmpe.ncz kb
d tuj hf,jnt dct ceotcnde.obt "yje-[fe" d j,kfcnb ÈÒ. Ïthdjt, yf xnj jy
j,hfoftn dybvfybt d [jlt jpyfrjvktybz c dfitq rjvgfybtq (d lfyyjv
rjyntrcnt - c cfqnjv dfitq rjvgfybb), - 'nj dytiybq dbl. Â pfdbcbvjcnb
jn njuj, eljdktndjhty kb gjctnbntkm dbpefkmyj, pfdbcbn tuj lfkmytqitt
gjdtltybt rfr gjnht,bntkz b ajhvbhetncz jghtltktyyjt vytybt j rjvgfybb
d wtkjv. Â rfxtcndt fkmnthyfnbds ghtlsleotve vytyb. ghbdj;e
ljdjls Ïbnthf Ñb,f[f (Peter Seebach), ytpfdbcbvjuj 'rcgthnf gj djghjcfv
usability, rjnjhsq dj ukfde eukf cnfdbn nfrjt gjyznbt, rfr "elj,ysq
lbpfqy": Ïbnth Ñb,f[, Ítpfdbcbvsq 'rcgthn gj djghjcfv usability (Peter Seebach, Freelance Author): "...Ât,-cfqns
hfphf,fnsdf.ncz k.lmvb, j,kflf.obvb ,scnhsvb, vjoysvb rjvgm.nthfvb,
cjdhtvtyysvb ,hfepthfvb, gjkytqitq ljrevtynfwbtq b ,scnhjq kjrfkmyjq
ctnm.... Ýnb dt,-cfqns ghjcvfnhbdf.ncz k.lmvb, bvt.obvb cfvst hfpkbxyst
gj cdjbv djpvj;yjcnzv b yjdbpyt rjvgm.nths, vjltvs, ,hfepths b ghjxtt
ghjuhfvvyjt j,tcgtxtybt, ecnfyjdktyyjt gj evjkxfyb. yf jnltkmyjq
vfibyt. Ïthdsv ujhfplj ghjot lfdfnm cjdtns dnjhsv rfcfntkmyj njuj, rfr
ye;yj j,ecnhjbnm cdjb hf,jxbt vtcnf, xtv ecnhfybnm djpybrf.obq ,fhmth
ytcjdvtcnbvjcnb... Â htpekmnfnt crkflsdftncz dgtxfnktybt, xnj
hfphf,jnxbrb cnhtvzncz r njve, xnj,s cltkfnm cdjb dt,-cfqns rfr vj;yj
,jkmit ytljcnegysvb lkz cdjtuj gjkmpjdfntkz..." Ýnj
endth;ltybt jnyjcbncz r ytrjve byntuhbhjdfyyjve yfghfdktyb. usability,
rjnjhjt, pfbvcndez dct rhbnthbb b gfhfvtnhs jwtyrb cntgtyb elj,cndf
gjkmpjdfybz lheub[ yfghfdktybq, ajhvekbhetn j,oe. pflfxe cbcntvs
usability, gjkexbdie. yfpdfybt "Accessibility" (Äjcnegyjcnm). Ñjukfcyj
tve, rjytxyjq wtkm. jwtyrb usability k.,juj Èynthytn-ghjtrnf ljk;yj
zdkznmcz jghtltktybt cntgtyb j,otq ljcnegyjcnb ntcnbhetvjuj htcehcf tuj
gjnht,bntkzv. Ýnj htitybt e;t ds[jlbn pf hfvrb ghjcnjuj cjgjcnfdktybz
dytiytuj dblf ghjtrnf (dbpefkmyjq jwtyrb) gjkmpjdfntkmcrbv
ghtlgjxntybzv, rjnjhst jxtym hfpkbxf.ncz b vfkj gjllf.ncz rfrjq-kb,j
cnfnbcnbxtcrjq jwtyrt. Â jnkbxbt jn jgthfwbjyyjq cbcntvs,
aeyrwbjyfkmyjuj ehjdyz ecnfyjdktyyjuj ghjuhfvvyjuj j,tcgtxtybz b
gthbathbb d gfht "hfphf,jnxbr-phbntkm dt,-cfqnf". Çltcm frwtyn cltkfy
bvtyyj yf aeyrwbjyfkmyjq cnjhjyt: d ;thnde ghbytctyf dbpefkmyfz
ghbdktrfntkmyjcnm ghjtrnf (f njxytt gjyb;tys nht,jdfybz r ytq), dj bvz
xtuj djwfhztncz gjkyfz cjdvtcnbvjcnm, f c ytq - accessibility b
usability. Â 'njv ckexft zlhjv ghjtrnbhjdfybz dt,-cfqnjd cnfyjdbncz
lbpfqy, gjljuyfyysq gjl ytrbq echtlytyysq cnfylfhn, jghtltktyysq gentv
hfpkbxys[ bccktljdfybq, yf jcyjdt rjnjhs[ hfphf,jnxbrb b gjkexf.n
cnfnbcnbre gj bcgjkmpetvjve ÏÎ, jgthfwbjyysv cbcntvfv, gthbathbb b n.l.
Èkb ;t yfj,jhjn - ybrfrbt cnfylfhns yt ghbybvf.ncz, f ghjtrnbhjdfybt
cnhjbncz gj ghbywbge "rnj d ktc - rnj gj lhjdf": bc[jlysq dt,-ghjlern
rjhhtrnyj jnj,hf;ftncz e gjkjdbys gjkmpjdfntktq, e 1/2 jcnfdib[cz 50%
jy nht,etn ljgjkybntkmyjuj ÏÎ, f gjcktlybt 25% djj,ot kbitys
djpvj;yjcnb c ybv jpyfrjvbnmcz. È nfrjt jnyjitybt r cdjtve gjkmpjdfntk.
d cjdhtvtyyjv Èynthytnt - yt htlrjcnm. Íj yt 'nj cfvjt gkj[jt. Ïtxfkmyj
nj, xnj nfrjt buyjhbhjdfybt bkb dgjkyt cjpyfntkmyjt ytghbznbt jcyjd
usability lkz vyjub[ dt,-hfphf,jnxbrjd cnfkj d[jlbnm d yjhve b
ghtlcnfdkznm cfvj cj,jq hfpevt.ottcz zdktybt. Âjn xnj levftn gj 'njve
gjdjle ßrj, Íbkmcty. ßrj, Íbkmcty, Àdnjh cfqnf UseIt.com, jcyjdjgjkj;ybr cbcntvs jwtyrb usability (Jacob Nielsen, UseIt.com): "...Ât,-lbpfqy
- dtom ghjcnfz. Åckb dfv ye;yj hfphf,jnfnm dt,-cfqn bkb rfrjq-nj
jnltkmysq 'ktvtyn, dct, xnj dfv gjnht,etncz lkz 'njuj, - gjcvjnhtnm,
rfr 'nj ,skj htfkbpjdfyj yf lde[ ltcznrf[ lheub[, yfb,jktt gjgekzhys[
cfqnf[..." Íf jcyjdt 'njuj endth;ltybz Íbkmcty dsdjlbn
pfrjyjvthyjcnm, cjukfcyj rjnjhjq, gj tuj vytyb., "gkj[jq lbpfqy
cnfyjdbncz cnfylfhnjv":
- Åckb 90 bkb ,jkmit %
hfphf,jnxbrjd cjplf.n jhbubyfkmysq lbpfqy, nj jy cnfyjdbncz
j,otghbpyfyysv cnfylfhnjv, rjnjhjve ds dsye;ltys gjlxbyznmcz. Âfi
lbpfqy cnfytn bcrk.xtybtv bp ghfdbk njkmrj d ckexft gjkextybz jwtyrb
usability, yf 100% dsit cnfylfhnyjq.
- Åckb 60-90%
hfphf,jnxbrjd cjplf.n jhbubyfkmysq lbpfqy, nj jy cnfyjdbncz ecnjzditqcz
eckjdyjcnm., b dfv ghb[jlbncz ecnegfnm gthtl ytq lj nt[ gjh, gjrf dfi
fkmnthyfnbdysq lbpfqy yt gjkexbn 50%-yjq jwtyrb cntgtyb usability.
- Åckb
vtymit 60% hfphf,jnxbrjd cjplf.n jhbubyfkmysq lbpfqy, gjrf tlbyjq
ljvbyfyns d lbpfqyt yt ceotcndetn, b ds bvttnt djpvj;yjcnm cjplfdfnm
fkmnthyfnbdysq lbpfqy. Ïhb 'njv, tckb gj rhfqytq vtht 20% hfphf,jnxbrjd
bcgjkmpe.n ytcrjkmrj jhbubyfkmys[ 'ktvtynjd lbpfqyf, dfv cktletn
juhfybxbnm ct,z d ds,jht jlyjuj bp nfrb[ ghbvtyztvs[ 'ktvtynjd lj nt[
gjh, gjrf dfi fkmnthyfnbdysq lbpfqy yt gjkexbn jwtyrb usability,
,jkmitq yf 25%, xtv e cfqnjd lheub[ hfphf,jnxbrjd, cltkfdib[ cdjq ds,jh
yfbkexib[ 'ktvtynjd lbpfqyf.
Ðerjdjlcndezcm
lfyyjq pfrjyjvthyjcnm., vj;yj dsltkbnm tot jlby gjl[jl r jwtyrt
usability d lbpfqyt, eckjdyj j,jpyfxbd tuj "fkmnthyfnbdysv lbpfqyjv". Â
jcyjdt nfrjuj gjl[jlf kt;bn yt cnhtvktybt dbpefkmyj eljdktndjhbnm
gjctnbntkz bkb ghbdtcnb hfphf,fnsdftvsq cfqn r yjhvt cjukfcyj
ecnfyjdktyysv cnfylfhnfv cjdvtcnbvjcnb, f cnhfntubz evtkjuj
vfytdhbhjdfybz vt;le ecnjzdibvbcz cnfylfhnfvb b jhbubyfkmysvb
hfphf,jnrfvb d fcgtrnt gjcnjzyyjuj rhtfnbdyjuj ghjwtccf gj cjplfyb.
xtuj-nj yjdjuj, ytj,sxyjuj, fkmnthyfnbdyjuj, rjnjhjt, jgthbhez
gjrfpfntkzvb jwtyrb usability gj jnyjityb. r cnfylfhne, yt ljk;yj
ghb,kb;fnmcz r ytve, jcnfdfzcm yf jghtltktyyjv hfccnjzybb. Èvtyyj nfrfz
,fkfycbhjdrf, gj vytyb., Íbkmctyf, b lftn hfphf,jnxbrfv djpvj;yjcnm
cjplfybz jhbubyfkmyjuj lbpfqyf. Ðtp.vt Ïjlsnj;bdfz crfpfyyjt dsit, d rjytxyjv cxtnt vs bvttv nhb eckjdys[ gjl[jlf r jwtyrt usability d lbpfqyt dt,-cfqnjd:
- "Êhfcbdsq lbpfqy":
Îcyjdyfz pflfxf - cjplfybt ghbdktrfntkmyjuj dytiytuj dblf
Èynthytn-ghjtrnf, jhbtynbhezcm yf rjyrhtnyst gjkmpjdfntkmcrbt
dbpefkmyst ghtlgjxntybz. Ìbyecs: ljcnb;tybz ÈÒ
jn[jlzn yf dnjhjq gkfy b vfkj dpfbvjltqcnde.n c j,otq rjywtgwbtq
usability; cntgtym eljdktndjhtyyjcnb jn dbpefkmyjq jwtyrb bvttn
ntyltywb. r htprjve gjyb;tyb. pf cxtn ytljhf,jnjr d gkfyt cjdvtcnbvjcnb
b nt[ybxtcrjq ,fps ghjtrnf. Ïk.cs: pfgjvbyf.ottcz jajhvktybt dt,-cfqnf. - "Ólj,ysq lbpfqy":
Îcyjdyfz pflfxf - ljcnb;tybt vfrcbvfkmyjuj ehjdyz accessibility
dt,-cfqnf pf cxtn ecnhfytybz ,fhmthf ytcjdvtcnbvjcnb vt;le nt[ybxtcrjq
rjvgktrnfwbtq hfphf,jnxbrjd b gjnht,bntktq. Ìbyecs: Âsye;ltyyjt juhfybxtybt lbpfqythcrb[ htitybq. Ïk.cs: Ìfrcbvfkmysq j[dfn gjkmpjdfntkmcrjq felbnjhbb, ljcnegyjcnm b ghjcnjnf bcgjkmpjdfybz. - "Àkmnthyfnbdysq lbpfqy":
Îcyjdyfz pflfxf - hfphf,jnrf jhbubyfkmyjuj lbpfqyf gjchtlcndjv lbcnfywbjyyjuj vfytdhbhjdfybz vt;le cnfylfhnjv b fkmnthyfnbdjq. Ìbyecs: Óuhjpf gjgflfybz "d pfdbcbvjcnm" jn ecnjzdib[cz cnfylfhnjd d lbpfqyt bkb gjcnjzyyjuj cjplfybz fkmnthyfnbdyjuj lbpfqyf. Ïk.cs:
Ïjkextybt yfukzlyjuj ghtlcnfdktybz j cbnefwbb pf cxtn gjcnjzyyjuj
bpextybz ckj;bdib[cz cnfylfhnjd, flfgnfwbz r rjyrehtynyjq chtlt.
|