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ÀÁÐÀÊÀÄÀÁÐÀ (Òîæå ñàìîå íî â ÷èòàåìîì âèäå)
 yfxfkt 1990-[ ujljd, rjulf Èynthytn njkmrj gjzdbkcz b kbim yfxbyfk buhfnm df;ye. hjkm d ;bpyb j,otcndf, jy chfpe ;t bpvtybk cgjcj,s rjvveybrfwbq b gjkextybz pyfybq. È [jnz Âctvbhyfz gfenbyf jrfpfkf cbkmyjt dkbzybt yf dct fcgtrns yfituj ceotcndjdfybz, jcj,tyyj pyfxbntkmysv ,skj tt djpltqcndbt yf ,bpytc.
À lkz rjvgfybq, cnhtvzob[cz bcgjkmpjdfnm gjcktlybt nt[yjkjubxtcrbt ljcnb;tybz b cjjndtncndjdfnm vtyz.obvcz eckjdbzv, Èynthytn cnfk ghtlcnfdkznm jcj,sq bynthtc c vjvtynf cdjtuj gjzdktybz.
Ñyfxfkf Âctvbhyfz gfenbyf ,skf ukfdysv j,hfpjv cnfnbxyjq b cjcnjzkf bp ghjcns[ HTML-cnhfybw. Íj gj vtht njuj rfr gthdst ghbj,obdibtcz r ytq rjvgfybb cnfkb d[jlbnm dj drec, d Ñtnb yfxfkb ,scnhj hfcghjcnhfyznmcz ghbkj;tybz yf ,fpt bynthatqcf CGI (Common Gateway Interface) b zpsrf Perl. Âvtcnt c yjdsvb nt[yjkjubzvb j,tcgtxtybz ,tpjgfcyjcnb jyb ghtljcnfdbkb wtksq hzl ytljcnegys[ ght;lt djpvj;yjcntq, d njv xbckt b lkz 'ktrnhjyyjq rjvvthwbb.
È rfr njkmrj rjvgfybb cnfkb ghbdsrfnm r 'nbv yjdjddtltybzv, gjzdbkbcm XML, SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) b lheubt gthtljdst nt[yjkjubb, jnrhsdibt genm d vbh cthdbcyj-jhbtynbhjdfyyjq fh[bntrnehs (SOA). Ïjcktlyzz gjkyjcnm. vtyztn cgjcj,s ecnfyjdktybz cdzpb vt;le ghbkj;tybzvb, cbcntvfvb b rjvgfybzvb. Çf ytq gjcktljdfkj dc¸, xnj jnyjczn r Web 2.0, — ,kjub, dbrb b cjwbfkmyst ctnb.
È ntgthm, rjulf dfif rjvgfybz yfrjytw-nj jcdjbkf nt[yjkjubb 2.0, Èynthytn jgznm ghb[jlbn d ldb;tybt.
Äkz Âctvbhyjq gfenbys cktle.otuj gjrjktybz ,elen [fhfrnthys lbyfvbxtcrbt, bynthfrnbdyst, jnrhsnst b jxtym ub,rbt ghbrkflyst cbcntvs. Ïj cdjbv djpvj;yjcnzv jyb ,elen ghtdjc[jlbnm yt njkmrj rkfccbxtcrbt Web-ghbkj;tybz, yj b ghjuhfvvs lkz yfcnjkmys[ ÏÊ.
Åckb ujdjhbnm rjhjnrj, nj yjdjt gjrjktybt Web-ghbkj;tybq pyfxbntkmyj ghb,kb;ftn yfc r bcgjkmpjdfyb. Èynthytnf d rfxtcndt jgthfwbjyyjq cbcntvs. Ñtqxfc yfcnfkj dhtvz, rjulf rjvgfybb ljk;ys gjlujnjdbnmcz r jxthtlysv bpvtytybzv Web-nt[yjkjubq.
Ìs jcnfyjdbv dfit dybvfybt yf b[ jcyjdys[ [fhfrnthbcnbrf[ b lflbv ytcrjkmrj cjdtnjd, rjnjhst, yflttvcz, cvjuen gjvjxm rjvgfybzv gjlujnjdbnmcz r bcgjkmpjdfyb. yjdfnjhcrb[ Web-ghbkj;tybq b lf;t yfxfnm cjplfdfnm b hfpdthnsdfnm ytrjnjhst bp yb[.
 rjywt rjywjd, rjulf htxm bltn j, bynthytn-nt[yjkjubz[, ytkmpz cnjznm yf vtcnt.
1. Ñjplfdfqnt aeyrwbjyfkmyj yfcsotyyst Web-ghbkj;tybz.
Êjulf j Web- bkb bynthytn-ghbkj;tybb ujdjhzn rfr j “yfcsotyyjv”, nj d j,otv ckexft 'nj jpyfxftn, xnj jyj jnkbxftncz dscjrjq cntgtym. bynthfrnbdyjcnb, cyf,;tyj bynebnbdyj gjyznysv gjkmpjdfntkmcrbv bynthatqcjv, yt ecnegf.obv bynthatqcfv ghjuhfvv lkz yfcnjkmys[ ÏÊ, b ghtljcnfdkztn vfcce cfvs[ hfpkbxys[ djpvj;yjcntq.
Ïhb hf,jnt d Èynthytnt bynthatqc yfcsotyyjuj ghbkj;tybz ljk;ty ghtlecvfnhbdfnm nfrbt aeyrwbb, rfr ,ercbhjdrf j,]trnjd c gjvjom. vsirb, dspjd rjyntrcnyj-pfdbcbvs[ vty., f nfr;t utythfwbz bynthfrnbdys[ uhfabrjd b jnxtnjd, jnhf;f.ob[ cjcnjzybt lfyys[ d htfkmyjv dhtvtyb.
Êjulf vs ujdjhbv j yfcsotyyjv Web-bynthatqct, df;yj gjyznm, xnj jy yt j,zpfntkmyj drk.xftn vyj;tcndj zhrb[ fybvfwbq b vbuf.ob[ gbrnjuhfvv. Ïhjcnjq b gjyznysq bynthatqc ghbkj;tybz, bcgjkyztvjuj yf njv bkb byjv cthdtht, vj;tn ,snm dtcmvf yfcsotyysv d cvsckt ghtljcnfdktybz gjkmpjdfntkzv rfr ljcnegf r byajhvfwbb, nfr b djpvj;yjcnb pflfdfnm yfcnhjqrb b gfhfvtnhs.
Îlyjq bp ukfdys[ nt[yjkjubq d lfyyjq j,kfcnb zdkztncz AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML) — jcyjdfyysq yf cnfylfhnf[ zpsr, gjpdjkz.obq hfphf,fnsdfnm yfcsotyyst Web-bynthatqcs, rjnjhst cjdthityyj jlbyfrjdsv j,hfpjv aeyrwbjybhe.n d k.,jv ,hfeptht, cjplfyyjv c cj,k.ltybtv cnfylfhnjd.
Ýnj vj;tn ghjpdexfnm cnhfyyj, yj d ltqcndbntkmyjcnb zpsr AJAX yt zdkztncz yjdjq nt[yjkjubtq. Îy bcgjkmpetn lfdyj bpdtcnyst bycnhevtyns, yfghbvth JavaScript, yj nfrbv j,hfpjv, xnj lftn djpvj;yjcnm cjplfdfnm c b[ gjvjom. bynthfrnbdyst Web-ghbkj;tybz.
Îlyj bp ceotcndtyys[ ljcnjbycnd AJAX pfrk.xftncz d njv, xnj jy yt nht,etn bpextybz xtuj-nj cjdthityyj yjdjuj. Ñ gjvjom. 'njuj zpsrf ghbkj;tybz vj;yj cjplfdfnm ghfrnbxtcrb d k.,jq chtlt. À hfpkbxyst yf,jhs bycnhevtynjd — jn Microsoft Visual Studio lj Adobe Dreamweaver — drk.xf.n vyj;tcndj chtlcnd hfphf,jnrb b gjlcrfpjr, gjvjuf.ob[ ,scnhj jcdjbnm AJAX.
Èp lheub[ ghjlernjd cktletn j,hfnbnm dybvfybt yf Adobe Flex b Microsoft Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF). Îyb ghtlyfpyfxtys lkz cjplfybz yfcsotyys[ Web-ghbkj;tybq, rjnjhst vjuen ghbvtyznmcz yt njkmrj d chtlt ,hfepthf. Óxnbnt, jlyfrj, xnj j,t 'nb gkfnajhvs bcgjkmpe.n tot b nt[yjkjubb, yt cdzpfyyst c Èynthytnjv. Äkz hf,jns Flex nht,etncz, xnj,s yf rjvgm.ntht ,skf ecnfyjdktyf ghjuhfvvf Flash, f lkz WPF — hfpkbxyst cbcntvs Microsoft, nfrbt, yfghbvth, rfr WPF/Everywhere.
Ífrjytw, byjulf endth;lftncz, xnj yfcsotybt yt pyftn ghtltkjd. Ýnj ytdthyj, rjulf htxm pf[jlbn j Web-ghbkj;tybz[. Ñkbirjv dscjrfz bynthfrnbdyjcnm cgjcj,yf dsdtcnb bp cnhjz k.,jt Web-ghbkj;tybt. Åckb ds bvttnt djpvj;yjcnm cyf,lbnm tuj vyj;tcndjv vty., ljgjkybntkmys[ jrjitr b ghtrhfcyjq fybvbhjdfyyjq uhfabrjq, 'nj tot yf pyfxbn, xnj dfv cktletn blnb gj nfrjve genb.
2. Ñj[hfyzqnt jnrhsnjcnm.
Îlyf bp yfb,jktt ghbvtxfntkmys[ nt[yjkjubxtcrb[ htdjk.wbq, ghjbpjitlib[ pf gjcktlybt ltcznm ktn, cdzpfyf c gjzdktybtv Web-cthdbcjd b SOA. Åckb [jnbnt d 'njv e,tlbnmcz, dcgjvybnt, rfrbvb ,skb ghbkj;tybz b byntuhfwbz lfyys[ lj ds[jlf yf cwtye zpsrf XML b Web-cthdbcjd d rjywt 1990-[.
Òjulf lkz byntuhfwbb ghbkj;tybq b cbcntv nht,jdfkjcm bcgjkmpjdfnm vyj;tcndj hfphjpytyys[ pfrfpys[ j,jkjxtr lkz j,vtyf lfyysvb, bynthatqcjd ghbrkflyjuj ghjuhfvvbhjdfybz b gfntynjdfyys[ rjyytrnjhjd. Âj vyjub[ ckexfz[ rjvgfybb ghfrnbxtcrb yt bvtkb djpvj;yjcnb gjlrk.xbnm gfhnythjd r cdjbv ,bpytc-cbcntvfv bp-pf ghj,ktv c cjdvtcnbvjcnm..
È dctuj pf ytcrjkmrj ktn gjkj;tybt bpvtybkjcm ,kfujlfhz Web-cthdbcfv. Òtgthm d k.,jv cjdhtvtyyjv rjhgjhfnbdyjv ghbkj;tybb, ÑÓÁÄ bkb dsxbckbntkmyjq chtlt bcgjkmpe.ncz jcyjdfyyst yf cnfylfhnf[ nt[yjkjubb, gjpdjkz.obt kturj ghjbpdtcnb byntuhfwb. lfyys[ b ghbkj;tybq k.,jq cntgtyb ckj;yjcnb b yflt;yjcnb.
Êfr elfkjcm 'njuj ljcnbxm? Åckb crfpfnm rjhjnrj, nj ,kfujlfhz jnrhsnjcnb. Ìbh SOA c cfvjuj yfxfkf ghjdjpukfcbk, xnj ;tkf.obt dcnegbnm d ytuj rjvgfybb, hfphf,jnxbrb bkb ghjbpdjlbntkb ÏÎ ljk;ys herjdjlcndjdfnmcz jnrhsnsvb cnfylfhnfvb. Äf;t nt ghjbpdjlbntkb, rjnjhst nhflbwbjyyj ghtlgjxbnfkb cjplfdfnm abhvtyyst htitybz, gthtikb yf cnfylfhns, ghbyznst d hfvrf[ SOA. Îyb dgjkyt jcjpyfkb, xnj hbcre.n jcnfnmcz yf j,jxbyt, tckb yt ,elen ghblth;bdfnmcz cnfylfhnjd.
 vbht Web-ghbkj;tybq cktle.otuj gjrjktybz nfrjuj hjlf ghbdth;tyyjcnm jnrhsnjcnb bvttn df;ytqitt pyfxtybt. Ïhjikb nt lyb, rjulf cfqns b ghbkj;tybz vjukb dpfbvjltqcndjdfnm njkmrj c jlybv Web-,hfepthjv b njkmrj c jlyjq jgthfwbjyyjq cbcntvjq.
Îcyjdyst nt[yjkjubb cjplfybz Web-ghbkj;tybq cktle.otuj gjrjktybz d ,jkmibycndt cdjtv pyfxbntkmyj eghjof.n cj,k.ltybt rfr lfdyj ceotcnde.ob[, nfr b yf[jlzob[cz d ghjwtcct cnfyjdktybz cnfylfhnjd Èynthytnf. Âsit e;t jnvtxfkjcm, xnj zpsr AJAX cfv gj ct,t jcyjdfy yf j,otghbyzns[ cnfylfhnf[ Âctvbhyjq gfenbys. Ífb,jktt cjdthityyst ghbkj;tybz, cjplfyyst c gjvjom. AJAX, ljk;ys aeyrwbjybhjdfnm f,cjk.nyj jlbyfrjdsv j,hfpjv ytpfdbcbvj jn bcgjkmpetvs[ ,hfepthjd bkb gkfnajhv.
Êhjvt njuj, jhufys cnfylfhnbpfwbb, nfrbt rfr World Wide Web Consortium b OASIS, d yfcnjzott dhtvz hf,jnf.n yfl ytrjnjhsvb yjdsvb cgtwbabrfwbzvb ajhvfnjd b cnfylfhnjd dhjlt Compound Document Format, rjnjhst gjpdjkzn yfltkbnm Web-ghbkj;tybz cktle.otuj gjrjktybz jncencndjdfdibvb ght;lt djpvj;yjcnzvb.
Ítrjnjhst yjdst ghjlerns — crf;tv, Flex b WPF — dspsdf.n jghtltktyye. jpf,jxtyyjcnm. Ïjcrjkmre jyb ,fpbhe.ncz yf nt[yjkjubz[ rjyrhtnys[ ghjbpdjlbntktq, ytkmpz bcrk.xfnm, xnj jyb yt ,elen cnjkm ;t jnrhsnsvb, rfr, yfghbvth, AJAX.
Ìs htrjvtyletv rjvgfybzv bp,bhfnm genm jnrhsnjcnb b cj,k.ltybz cnfylfhnjd dctulf, rjulf 'nj njkmrj djpvj;yj. Ïhbkj;tybt, yfgbcfyyjt d cjjndtncndbb c pfgfntynjdfyysvb cnfylfhnfvb, jckj;yz.obvb byntuhfwb. c lheubvb ghbrkflysvb cbcntvfvb, yt vj;tn ,snm ghbxbcktyj r gthtljdsv Web-nt[yjkjubzv. Åckb gjkmpjdfntkb ytrjtuj ghbkj;tybz j,yfhe;fn, xnj jyj lbrnetn bv cgjcj,s tuj ghbvtytybz, jyb crjhtt dctuj jnrf;encz jn ytuj. Ïhbdth;tyyjcnm jnrhsnsv cnfylfhnfv b cbcntvfv ufhfynbhetn, xnj ghbkj;tybt cgjcj,yj hfpdbdfnmcz b ghbcgjcf,kbdfnmcz r vtyz.obvcz eckjdbzv.
3. Ñj[hfyzqnt lbyfvbxtcrbq [fhfrnth lfyys[.
Web-ghbkj;tybz, cjplfyyst d hfvrf[ cnfhjq irjks, j,hfofkbcm c lfyysvb ghbvthyj nfr ;t, rfr vs j,hfoftvcz c djljq, km.otqcz bp rhfyf: jyb vjukb gjkexbnm ljcneg r lfyysv, yj gjckt 'njuj ghfrnbxtcrb yt bvtkb djpvj;yjcnb bvb eghfdkznm.
 jnkbxbt jn yb[ Web-ghbkj;tybz cktle.otuj gjrjktybz ghbj,htnf.n dc¸ ,jktt ibhjrbt djpvj;yjcnb lkz j,hf,jnrb lfyys[ yf ktne. Ýnj jnrhsdftn gthtl gjkmpjdfntkzvb gthcgtrnbde dpfbvjltqcndbz c lfyysvb d htfkmyjv dhtvtyb, dvtcnj njuj xnj,s lkz gjkextybz yjds[ lfyys[ gjcnjzyyj gthtpfuhe;fnm Web-cnhfybwe.
Ècgjkmpez nfrbt cnfylfhns, rfr JSON (JavaScript Object Notation), cjdhtvtyyst Web-ghbkj;tybz ghtljcnfdkz.n gjkmpjdfntkzv hfcibhtyyst chtlcndf eghfdktybz gjcnegf.obvb lfyysvb. Êhjvt njuj, jyb j,tcgtxbdf.n ujhfplj ,jktt dscjrbq ehjdtym jnrfpjecnjqxbdjcnb, xnj gjpdjkztn [hfybnm lfyyst yf rkbtyncrb[ rjvgm.nthf[. Ýnj jnkbxftn b[ jn cjplfdfdib[cz lkz fh[bntrnehs rkbtyn — cthdth rkfccbxtcrb[ Web-ghbkj;tybq, d rjnjhs[ ljcneg r ghbkj;tyb. b lfyysv gjkyjcnm. enhfxbdfkcz ghb hfphsdt cjtlbytybz.
Äheujt ytvfkjdf;yjt bpvtytybt, pfnhfubdf.ott ghj,ktve lfyys[, cdzpfyj c gjzdktybtv rjywtgwbb Semantic Web b cjgencnde.ob[ cnfylfhnjd b nt[yjkjubq.
Òt[yjkjubb “ctvfynbxtcrjuj Web” gjpdjkzn bynthytn-ghbkj;tybzv yfghfdkznm pfghjcs b dpfbvjltqcndjdfnm c lfyysvb, cjlth;fobvbcz yf cfqnf[ b d ghbkj;tybz[ d k.,jq njxrt Âctvbhyjq gfenbys. Ýnj jnrhsdftn djpvj;yjcnm lkz hfphf,jnrb cjdthityyj yjdjuj gjrjktybz ghbkj;tybq, j,kflf.ob[ byajhvfwbtq j [fhfrntht lfyys[ (data-aware).
Ñgjcj,yjcnm cjdhtvtyys[ Web-ghbkj;tybq j,hf,fnsdfnm ,jktt ibhjrbq cgtrnh lfyys[ ghbdtkf r ceotcndtyyjve hfcibhtyb. djpvj;yjcntq d j,kfcnb b[ hfphf,jnrb b ntcnbhjdfybz. Ìyjubt jcyjdfyyst yf cnfylfhnf[ chtls hfphf,jnrb ljgecrf.n bcgjkmpjdfybt yt,jkmib[ gj j,]tve afqkjd XML lkz cjplfybz ghjnjnbgjd, jnkflrb b ntcnbhjdfybz yjds[ Web-ghbkj;tybq.
Ýnb ecjdthitycndjdfyyst aeyrwbb eghfdktybz lfyysvb gjpdjkz.n yfltkznm Web-ghbkj;tybz vyjubvb djpvj;yjcnzvb, ,jkmit ghbceobvb j,sxysv ghjuhfvvfv lkz yfcnjkmys[ ÏÊ, — 'nj b kjrfkmyjt [hfytybt lfyys[, b ,scnhjnf htfubhjdfybz, b rjytxyj ;t djpvj;yjcnm hf,jns ,tp gjlrk.xtybz r Ñtnb.
4. Î,tcgtxmnt hf,jne d jakfqyjdjv ht;bvt.
Ítvyjuj cvtiyj ujdjhbnm j hf,jnt ,tp ds[jlf d Ñtnm rfr j, jcj,tyyjcnb ghbkj;tybq yjdjuj gjrjktybz. Â rjywt rjywjd, hfpdt jakfqyjdsq ljcneg yt zdkztncz [fhfrnthyjq xthnjq ghjuhfvv, hfphf,fnsdfdib[cz ght;lt lkz yfcnjkmys[ ÏÊ? È hfpdt ,eleott Èynthytnf dblbncz yt d njv, xnj k.lb ,elen bvtnm gjcnjzyysq ljcneg r Ñtnb ytpfdbcbvj jn cdjtuj vtcnjyf[j;ltybz?
Íe kflyj, d bltfkt, dthjznyj, nfr b ljk;yj ,snm, yj htfkmyjcnm dsukzlbn byfxt. È jcnfytncz nfrjdjq d ntxtybt ytrjnjhjuj dhtvtyb, dj dczrjv ckexft d Ñjtlbytyys[ Ønfnf[.
×nj,s Web-ghbkj;tybz yjdjuj gjrjktybz ltqcndbntkmyj vjukb cnfnm fkmnthyfnbdjq nhflbwbjyysv ghjuhfvvfv lkz yfcnjkmys[ ÏÊ, f ntv ,jktt gjntywbfkmysvb jgthfwbjyysvb cbcntvfvb yf ,fpt Èynthytnf, d yb[ ytj,[jlbvj htfkbpjdfnm rf;eoe.cz cnfhjvjlyjq blt. jakfqyjdjuj ljcnegf.
Òjkmrj pflevfqntcm: ds cjplfkb ghtrhfcysq yjdsq ghjlern yf jcyjdt nt[yjkjubb “ÏÎ d dblt cthdbcf” (Software As f Service, SAAS), ghtljcnfdkz.obq gjkmpjdfntkzv juhjvyst ghtbveotcndf. Íj tckb cjnhelybrb rjvgfybb, zdkz.otqcz dfibv rkbtynjv, yt vjuen djcgjkmpjdfnmcz 'nbv ghjlernjv yf ghjnz;tybb itcnbxfcjdjuj gthtktnf, nj j,sxyjt ghbkj;tybt lkz ÏÊ vj;tn gjrfpfnmcz bv ,jktt ghbdktrfntkmysv.
Âjpybrf.ofz yf ghfrnbrt ytj,[jlbvjcnm j,tcgtxbnm djpvj;yjcnm hf,jns ,tp gjlrk.xtybz r Ñtnb yt jcnfkfcm ytpfvtxtyyjq jcyjdysvb ghjbpdjlbntkzvb ÏÎ. Êjhgjhfwbz Google, jlby bp ukfdys[ ghjnfujybcnjd Web-ghbkj;tybq cktle.otuj gjrjktybz, dsgecnbkf ,tnf-dthcb. ghjlernf gjl yfpdfybtv Gears, rjnjhsq gjpdjkztn gjkexbnm jakfqyjdsq ljcneg r ghbkj;tybzv Google.
Êhjvt njuj, yjdfz chtlf bcgjkytybz Adobe AIR (Adobe Integrated Runtime) gjpdjkztn cjplfdfnm yfcsotyyst bynthytn-ghbkj;tybz, rjnjhst hf,jnf.n dyt ,hfepthf b vjuen bcgjkmpjdfnm jakfqyjdst lfyyst. (Äf, 'nj jxtym gj[j;t yf j,sxyst ghbkj;tybz lkz yfcnjkmys[ rjvgm.nthjd). Âjn b Mozilla Foundation gkfybhetn ljgjkybnm cktle.oe. dthcb. cdjtuj ,hfepthf Firefox gjllth;rjq hf,jns d jakfqyt.
Ñtujlyz vyjubt bycnhevtyns lkz jakfqyjdjuj ljcnegf tot yt ljcnbukb phtkjcnb, f ytrjnjhst djj,ot njkmrj pfgkfybhjdfys r dsgecre. Ê njve ;t yt yf,k.lftncz ,jkmijq frnbdyjcnb d j,kfcnb cnfylfhnbpfwbb jakfqyjdjuj ht;bvf hf,jns c Web-ghbkj;tybzvb. Ýnj jpyfxftn, xnj yf ghjnz;tybb ytrjnjhjuj dhtvtyb ,elen gjzdkznmcz rjyrehbhe.obt b ytcjdvtcnbvst bycnhevtyns lkz j,tcgtxtybz jakfqyjdjuj ljcnegf. Òtv yt vtytt rjvgfybzv cktletn ghbcnegbnm r jwtyrt 'nb[ nt[yjkjubq e;t ctqxfc. Ïhb cjplfybb ghbkj;tybq yjdjuj gjrjktybz yt pf,sdfqnt, xnj dfib gjkmpjdfntkb b rkbtyns cghjczn: “À tcnm kb cgjcj, bcgjkmpjdfnm lfyyjt ghbkj;tybt, rjulf z yt gjlrk.xty r Èynthytne?”.
Ïhtlcnfdmnt ct,t, xnj ds zdkztntcm ita-gjdfhjv gjgekzhyjuj htcnjhfyf. Íf dtxth ds ghbujnjdbkb cdjb rjhjyyst ,k.lf. Âs yflttntcm, xnj jyb gjyhfdzncz dfibv ujcnzv. Íj tckb 'njuj yt ckexbncz, nj e dfc ,eltn jxtym vfkj djpvj;yjcntq pfvtybnm 'nb ,k.lf yf lheubt. Âj dczrjv ckexft, dhzl kb ds cvj;tnt cltkfnm 'nj ,scnhj. Â ceoyjcnb nfrfz vjltkm bcgjkmpetncz gjrf b ghb hfphf,jnrt rkfccbxtcrb[ Web-ghbkj;tybq bkb ghjuhfvv lkz yfcnjkmys[ ÏÊ.
À ntgthm djj,hfpbnt, xnj vyjubt gjctnbntkb dfituj htcnjhfyf htibkb jnghfdbnmcz yf re[y. b cfvjcnjzntkmyj pfvtybnm ,k.lf b ghbdtcnb b[ d cjjndtncndbt cj cdjbvb drecfvb. Èv gjyhfdbkbcm dfib vfrfhjys, yj jyb cxbnf.n, xnj rhtdtnrb jyb vjuen ghbujnjdbnm b gjkexit. Èkb jyb ujnjds c]tcnm dfi ufv,ehuth, yj [jntkb ,s ljgjkybnm tuj gbwwtq bp lheujuj htcnjhfyf.
Ïj nfrjq vjltkb cnhjzncz Web-ghbkj;tybz cktle.otuj gjrjktybz. Ïjkmpjdfntkb [jnzn bvtnm djpvj;yjcnm gjlcnhfbdfnm, ghbcgjcf,kbdfnm b bpvtyznm b[ d cjjndtncndbb cj cdjbvb rjyrhtnysvb ye;lfvb. Òfrbt ghbkj;tybz xfcnj yfpsdf.n cvtifyysvb bkb cjcnfdysvb (mashup).
Ïhb gjlj,yjq vjltkb vj;tn jrfpfnmcz, xnj dfit ghtrhfcyjt yjdjt ghbkj;tybt bcgjkmpetncz cjdvtcnyj c xmtq-nj extnyj-eghfdktyxtcrjq cbcntvjq bkb j,]tlbytyj c gjgekzhysv ,tcgkfnyj hfcghjcnhfyztvsv htitybtv, cjplfyysv rfrbv-yb,elm rhegysv Web-gjhnfkjv bkb hfphf,jnxbrjv gjbcrjdjq vfibys. Ìj;tn lf;t ljqnb lj njuj, xnj jyj cnfytn ghbvtyznmcz d cdzprt c ghbkj;tybtv jn ghjbpdjlbntkz, rjnjhjuj ds hfccvfnhbdftnt d rfxtcndt cdjtuj rjyrehtynf.
Ýnj ;enrjdfnfz gthcgtrnbdf, jcj,tyyj lkz ghjbpdjlbntktq ÏÎ. Â nhflbwbjyys[ vjltkz[ nfrbt rjvgfybb cnhtvzncz cj[hfybnm ;tcnrbq rjynhjkm yfl ntv, rfr b[ ghbrkflyst cbcntvs bcgjkmpe.ncz, j,yjdkz.ncz b byntuhbhe.ncz.
Íj rjulf htxm bltn j Web-ghbkj;tybz[ cktle.otuj gjrjktybz, ,skj ,s jib,rjq dtifnm pfvjr yf ghjuhfvvysq ghjlern. Ñ njxrb phtybz vyjub[ gjkmpjdfntktq, Web-ghbkj;tybt, rjnjhjt ytkmpz kturj b ghjcnj gjlcnhjbnm gjl cdjb gjnht,yjcnb bkb bcgjkmpjdfnm cjdvtcnyj c lheubvb ghjuhfvvfvb, zdkztncz ytgjkyjwtyysv. Åuj yt cktletn ghbvtyznm bkb ghbj,htnfnm. Ïjpdjkbnm gjkmpjdfntkzv cjplfdfnm cjcnfdyst ghbkj;tybz, lj,fdkznm r ybv yjdst aeyrwbb b byntuhbhjdfnm b[ c lheubvb cbcntvfvb — 'nj cgjcj, pfdjtdfnm kjzkmyjcnm rkbtynjd.
Òfrjd, vj;tn ,snm, cfvsq df;ysq dsdjl, rfcf.obqcz Web-ghbkj;tybq cktle.otuj gjrjktybz. È[ cgjcj,yjcnm ytghthsdyj dbljbpvtyznmcz b flfgnbhjdfnmcz r yjdsv nt[yjkjubzv, cnfylfhnfv b gj;tkfybzv rjytxys[ gjkmpjdfntktq rfhlbyfkmysv j,hfpjv bpvtybn yt njkmrj cgjcj,s ghbvtytybz Web-ghbkj;tybq, yj b dpukzls yf bcgjkmpetvjt ÏÎ d wtkjv. c http://www.pcweek.ru/themes/detail.php?ID=103267
Ñ ukfdysv nt[ybxtcrbv fyfkbnbrjv Ä;bvjv Ðfgjpjq vj;yj cdzpfnmcz, yfgbcfd tve gj flhtce: jim.rapoza@ziffdavisenterprise.com. |
