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ÀÁÐÀÊÀÄÀÁÐÀ (Òîæå ñàìîå íî â ÷èòàåìîì âèäå)
Åckb ds ;bkb d cjdtncrjv j,ot;bnbb bkb yf [eljq rjytw d cneltyxtcrjv, nj ds, yfdthyzrf, gjybvftnt, xnj nfrjt cjj,otcndf, rfr jyb ;bden b hf,jnf.n, yt uhepbntcm fvthbrfycrbvb vfynhfvb fkz «community», ghfdlf lkz dfc – ktuxt, dpdtityytq b ghbptvk¸yytq.
Âtcyf…
Ât,-kjrb d Èynthytnt xfot dctuj yfxbyf.n cdjt j,hfpjdfybt djrheu rfrjq-nj jlyjq, dgjkyt rjyrhtnyjq ntvs. Íj, xnj,s yfxfnm rhbcnfkkbpjdfnmcz, cnsrezcm uhfyzvb «ntvs», k.lzv ye;yf gkjoflrf. Ò.t. «ljv», d rjnjhjv jyb vjuen gjctkbnmcz hzljv c ,kbprbvb «gj ntvt» cjctlzvb.
Íf gthdjv 'nfgt «cnsrjdrb» [fhfrnthysv zdktybtv vj;yj cxbnfnm gjnjr j,ce;ltybq, ytgjchtlcndtyyj cdzpfyysq c ntvfnbrjq gkjoflrb. Âct dtnrb, tckb 'nj cjnjdsq ajhev, ,elen ghj cjnjdst, tckb fdnjvj,bkmysq, nj ghj fdnjvj,bkb, tckb ltncrbq – ghj ltntq.
Êfr ljkuj nfrfz cbnefwbz ,eltn ghjljk;fnmcz – bylbdblefkmyj lkz rf;ljuj ckexfz. Î,ott ghfdbkj: xtv ,jkmit frnbdys[ rjvgtntynys[ gjctnbntktq – ntv j,hfpjdfybt dt,-kjrf ,scnhtt. Åckb cfvsq gjctoftvsq b «gkjljdbnsq» hfpltk gkjoflrb cdzpfy c tuj ukfdyjq ntvjq – dt,-kjrf tot ytn. Äkz k.ltq jcyjdyjt «ntvf», jyf b[ j,]tlbyztn, bynthtcetn b gbnftn. Ïhjgflb «ntvf» – pfdnhf ;t vj;yj pfrhsdfnm gkjoflre. Ïjrf k.lb njkmrj «;bden» hzljv, yj yt «;bden» dvtcnt.
Ëbhbrf
«Òtvf» b «gkjoflrf» jcyjdyst ckfuftvst ecgt[f yfxfkf [jhjituj dt,-kjrf. Âct, gjxnb rfr d ckexft c fvthbrfycrbvb «gthdjghj[jlwfvb», rnj gthdsq pfcnjk,bn exfcnjr, njve bv b dkfltnm – rnj gthdsq gjcnhjbn gkjoflre gjl «ntve», njve b cfvsq ;bdjq dt,-kjr. Ëexifz cnfhnjdfz gkjoflrf – ghj[jlyjq ldjh, [jhjij ctuvtynbhjdfyyjt vyjujrdfhnbhyjt ;bkbot c rjvajhnf,tkmysvb ye;ybrfvb, c[tvfvb jhbtynbhjdrb b xfcnysvb xthlfrfvb gjnht,etncz gjp;t.
Ëtnj…
Ïthdsv cbuyfkjv r njve, xnj yfxfkcz ghjwtcc ajhvbhjdfybz ecnjqxbdjuj b cfvjhfpdbdf.otujcz dt,-kjrf cke;bn gjzdktybt b «;bpym» xtkjdtxtcrb[ ntv, rjnjhst djj,ot ybrfr yt cdzpfys c jcyjdyjq ntvfnbrjq gkjoflrb. Ê ghbvthe, yf ajhevt «dct j ntktajyf[», gjcnjzyyj djpybrf.n j j,ce;lf.ncz ntvs j «gjkbnbrt», «fdnjvj,bkz[», «re[yt», «,f,f[» b «ve;brf[». Ôkel, d [jhjitv tuj cvsckt, ecbkbdftncz. È htpfnm tuj bkb ytn, pfdbcbn jn njuj, cj,bhftncz flvbybcnhfwbz hfpdbdfnm e ct,z dt,-kjrb b, nfrbv j,hfpjv pfvtnyj gthtrhsnm ct,t rbckjhjl d j,kfcnb eghfdktybz vtcnjv ght,sdfybz dt,-kjrf, bkb ;t tq ,jkmit gj leit ghfplyj ifnf.ofzcz ge,kbrf, yj ifnf.ofzcz cnhjuj gj ntvt.
Âvtyztvsq akel – gthdsq ghbpyfr njuj, xnj k.ltq yfxfkj cdzpsdfnm xnj-nj ,jkmitt, xtv ghjcnj «ntvf», jyb cnfkb gjybvfnm lheu lheuf, f yt njkmrj «ntve». Íj dnjhjq 'nfg tot yt yfxfkcz. Óghfdktybt akeljv, ljdjkmyj ghjcnfz inerf. Åuj kb,j ht;en, kb,j gthtcf;bdf.n. Ïjcktlytt jnrhsdftn ldthb lkz pfhj;ltybz cnf,bkmyjuj dt,-kjrf. Átp dybvfybz akel jcnfdkznm ytkmpz, bv yflj ghbcnfkmyj pfybvfnmcz, gjlghfdkzz d ye;ye. cnjhjye.
Ânjhjq 'nfg – akele lfkb vtcnj, b jy yfxbyftn cfv ;bnm cdjtq ;bpym., hfpdbdfzcm lfktrj pf ghtltkfvb jcyjdyjq ntvfnbrb gkjoflrb.
Ñnfyjdktybt dt,-kjrf ,thtn cdjt yfxfkj d ghfplys[, yj jxtym frnbdys[ hfpujdjhf[, gjcntgtyyj dxthfiybq akeljhfpltk cnfytn cfvsv ghjcvfnhbdftvsv b cfvsv «gkjljndjhysv» yf gkjoflrt. Ýnj ktnj, gjctnbntkb heuf.ncz, yfxbyf.n dcnhtxfnmcz d jaakfqyt, j,vtybdf.ncz ajnrfvb, j,ce;lf.n htwtgns cfkfnjd-djljr-gkjdjd, cgjhzn j ghbrjhvt lkz hfcntybq yf lfxf[ b j njv, rnj rjuj c,jhbn rbn bkb ckjy. Áfpfh d ytghbrhsnjv dblt bkb ;bdjt j,otybt ;bds[ k.ltq.
Ëbhbrf
Íf dnjhjv 'nfgt ljdjkmyj df;yj yfexbncz xedcndjdfnm hfpybwe vt;le «hfpujdjhfvb pf ;bpym» (gjpbnbdysq akel) b akeljv rfr nfrjdsv (ujdyjnjkrb). Ïthdjt cnjbn ghbdtxfnm b lfnm tve vtcnj ;bnm. Ânjhjt htpfnm. Íf dnjhjv 'nfgt gjkmpjdfntkm e;t yt gjkmpjdfntkm, yj ;bdjq xtkjdtr, b tuj «;bdjt» yfxbyftn ghjzdkznmcz d dfitv «dbhnefkmyjv», 'nj cnjbn edf;fnm.
Îctym…
Î, j,hfpjdfybb dt,-kjrf cdbltntkmcnde.n gjzdktybz b j,ce;ltybz yf gkjoflrt j,otxtkjdtxtcrb[ ntv, rfcf.ob[cz ajhevxfy. Êfr njkmrj k.lb cnfkb htuekzhyj cghfdkznm lyb hj;ltymz, jhufybpjdsdfnm cdflm,s, gznybxyst gjgjqrb, ghjdjlbnm rfrbt-nj jnyjcbntkmyj ukj,fkmyst cktns, cj;fktnm j ,tpdhtvtyyj eitlib[ lhepmz[, b dct 'nj gjcnjzyyj – gjzdbkcz dt,-kjr. Îcyjdyfz aeyrwbz gkjoflrb, rfr gjkz xtkjdtxtcrjq rjvveybrfwbb dsgjkytyf.
Ë.ltq ,jkmit yt bynthtcetn jcyjdyfz ntvf, njxytt, jyf yt zdkztncz lkz yb[ ukfdyjq. Òtgthm gjkmpjdfntkm ;bdtn yf gkjoflrt b hfpkbxysvb cgjcj,fvb gjlxthrbdftn cdj. ghbyflkt;yjcnm tq d jaakfqyt: infvgetn yfrktqrb, fubnbhetn lheptq b n.l. Ïhbxtv ltkftn 'nj cfv (sic!), ,tp hfpdjljd cj cnjhjys flvbybcnhfwbb.
Ðfpltk dt,-kjrf cnfyjdbncz cfvsv gjgekzhysv yf gkjoflrt, ghbxtv k.lb nfv jhufybpe.ncz cfvb gj ct,t ,tp gjlcrfpjr b gjlfxtr cj cnjhjys flvbybcnhfwbb, rjnjhfz gj afrne ghfrnbxtcrb enhfxbdftn rjynhjkm yfl 'njq ;bpym.. È 'nj [jhjij!
Ëbhbrf
Åckb flvbys frnbdyj ktpen cj cdjbvb wtkzvb d dt,-kjr, jyb tuj b gj[jhjyzn. Ëexibq dt,-kjr njn, rjnjhsq ;bdtn cfv gj ct,t, cj cdjbvb vjlthfnjhfvb, b cdjbvb ntvfvb. Âvtifntkmcndj flvbybcnhfwbb ljk;yj ,snm vbybvfkmysv, bcrk.xbntkmyj rjhhtrnbhe.obv. dt,-kjr – cfvjeghfdkz.ofzcz inerf. Îy cfv htibn, rnj nfv ,eltn vjlthfnjhjv, rnj pfdjlbkjq, f rnj nfvfljq, rjuj pfht;en-hfcgyen, f rnj ,eltn cdznsv hfdyjfgjcnjkmysv.
Çbvf…
«È pfdnhf nj;t, xnj dxthf». Òfrjd bnju rhbcnfkkbpfwbb Èynthytn kjrfkbntnjd. Íf jlyjq gkjoflrt b[ vj;tn ,snm crjkm eujlyj vyjuj, yj dct ghb[jlzn r jlyjve abyfke: gjdnjhtybt ghjcns[ xtkjdtxtcrb[ ;bds[ vthjghbznbq: lyb hj;ltymz, gj[jls d ujcnb, cjdvtcnyst ghfplybrb, cdflm,s, gj[jhjys, cktns. Ñgjrjqyfz hfpvthtyyfz e;t yt nfrfz ,ehkzofz ;bpym, rjnjhfz bltn cdjbv ghbdsxysv xthtljv. Átcrjytxyfz xthtlf akelj-ghjtrnjd, ,fzyjd b n.l.
Ë.lb e;t yf gznm hfp dcnhtnbkbcm, gj;tybkbcm-hfpdtkbcm, hjlbkb ltntq, jnvtnbkbcm yf rjkktrnbdys[ c,jhbof[, b djj,ot ghtlgjxbnf.n hfpujdjhs pf ;bpym. Êfpfkjcm ,s, crjhj dct, vj;yj ujnjdbnmcz r njve, xnj frnbdyjcnm d ;bdjv hfpltkt gjnb[jymre eufcytn. Íj…
Ïjrf dt,-kjr ghj[jlbk cdjb 'nfgs dphjcktybz b cnfyjdktybz, ajhev gj ntvt jnkbxyj ;bk, d ytv gjzdbkbcm yjdst k.lb, b, tckb «ntvf» dct tot «ntvf», jyb yfxbyf.n dnjhufnmcz d ckj;bdibqcz ;bdjq hfpltk.
Ëbhbrf
Ât,-kjr – yt,jkmifz, yj jxtym frnbdyfz xfcnm gjctnbntktq, jyf cfvjcnbqyf b cfvj,snyf. Íj 'nj lfktrj yt jpyfxftn, xnj dt,-kjr jnujhj;ty jn dytiytuj vbhf, yjdst k.lb nelf ,elen ghb[jlbnm gjcnjzyyj. Ýnj tcntcndtyysq ghjwtcc.
Ñyjdf dtcyf…
Íjdbxrb c jcyjdyjuj gjnjrf jlyf;ls yfxyen ktpnm d ;bdjq hfpltk. È kb,j ghb;bdencz nfv, kb,j yfxyen rfr-nj cfvb jhufybpjdsdfnmcz, yj jxtym crjhj bp b[ akelf j,hfpetncz yjdfz necjdrf, ,eltn hfcnb yjdsq dt,-kjr bkb bpvtybncz ceotcnde.obq. Âct jgznm pfrhenbncz-pfdthnbncz.
Æbdst k.lb: lyb hj;ltymz, gmzyrb, ;tybnm,s, ltnb, hfpdjls, gj[jhjys, gentitcndbz… b ybxtuj ,jkt, dct jcnfkmyjt gthtvfksdftncz gjdctlytdyjcnm. yf hfp, b yfdctulf.
Êfr njkmrj cnfhj;bks pfujdjhzn, xnj «;bdjq hfpltk e;t yt njn», «bys[ e; ytn, f nt lfktxt», f rjkbxtcndj cjj,otybq gflfnm yt yfxytn. Âtnth, pyfxbn, gthtvtybkcz.
Ïznjt dhtvz ujlf
«Êfr pfhf,fnsdfnm ltymub yf dt,-kjrf[?», f ybrfr. Åckb htxm bltn j, ecnjqxbdjq cjwbfkmyjq cnherneht, j,hfpjdfditqcz dcktlcndbt dbhnjcjwbjutytpf yf rjyrhtnyjq gkjoflrt, nj jndtn dctulf ,eltn – ybrfr. Êjgtqrb pf pfhf,jnjr lth;fnm yt cnjbn.
Ítgkj[j pfhf,fnsdfnm vj;yj yf «bys[», yf j,sxys[ gjctnbntkz[, rjnjhst pf[jlzn, xnj,s gjj,ofnmcz bkb epyfnm xnj gj «ntvt». Ó yb[ vjnbdfwbz tcnm. Â jnkbxbt jn nt[, rnj «;bdtn», jyb tot cvjnhzn gj cnjhjyfv, gsnfzcm yfqnb yf cntyf[ «gjktpyst gjlcrfprb», «erfpfntkb», bkb ghjcnj «ds[jl». Çltcm pfhf,jnjr b kt;bn.
Óvtybt uhfvjnyj hfpdtcbnm fubngkfrfns yf cntyf[ j,ot;bnbz dctulf wtybkjcm b ,eltn wtybnmcz.
Ðfpevttncz, ybrnj yt vtiftn pfyznmcz «ljvj[jpzqcndjv», pfgbcfnmcz d djljghjdjlxbrb b ghtlkfufnm gjvtyznm ahfveub yf gkfcnbrjdst jryf, gjcnfdbnm rjylbwbjyth, cltkfnm «jnltkmysq d[jl». Îcnftncz njkmrj gjcjxedcndjdfnm k.lzv, rjnjhsv «gjcxfcnkbdbkjcm» gjctkbnmcz d nfrjv «ljvt», b[ dsyelzn gkfnbnm «pf htvjyn», b ltnmcz – ytrelf!, gjcrjkmre nen cghfdtlkbdj ghfdbkj: «gthttpl - gjxnb gj;fh».
Ìt;ctpjymt b ytvyjuj j nthvbyf[
 Ðjccbb lkz jgbcfybz fvthbrfycrjuj nthvbyf «community» bcgjkmpetncz rkfccbxtcrfz f,cnhfrnyfz rfkmrf «cjj,otcndj». Äjdjkmyj eprjt ckjdtxrj, d cbke jncencndbz ghbdzprb r rfrjve-kb,j rjyrhtnyjve vtcne. Èv elj,yj jgthbhjdfnm d jndktxtyys[ cjwbjrekmnehys[ rjyntrcnf[, yj lkz rjyrhtnbrb jyj yt gjl[jlbn. Ïhbvtybntkmyj r Èynthytne nthvby «cjj,otcndj» djj,ot ghjcnhfyyj njkretncz. Åuj vj;yj cxbnfnm hjljdsv b ytceobv d ct,t cvsck «frnbdyst gjctnbntkb», yj yt ljcnfnjxysv lkz jgbcfybz ajhv 'njq «frnbdyjcnb».
Ýhbl Àkftd, nfkfynkbdtqibq cjdtncrbq utjuhfa, d cdjtv aeylfvtynfkmyjv nhelt «Ñjwbfkmyj-'rjyjvbxtcrfz utjuhfabz. Ïjyznbqyj nthvbyjkjubxtcrbq ckjdfhm», ghtlkfuftn nthvby «kjrfkbntn», rfr ,jktt gjkyj jgbcsdf.otq rjyrhtnbre cjj,otcnd, gjcrjkmre e rf;ljuj cjj,otcndf tcnm vtcnj tuj j,tnjdfybz, b ,tp nfrjdjuj cjj,otcndj d ghbywbgt yt djpvj;yj.
Òthvby «dt,-kjr» j,hfpjdfy jn cnfhjfyukbqcrjuj rjhyz «web» (ctnm) b kfnbycrjuj «locus» (vtcnj). Òfr ;t rfr «kjrfkbntn» ytctn d ct,t dc. ytj,[jlbve. byajhvfwb. j nfrb[ aeylfvtynfkmys[ cjcnfdkz.ob[ frnbdyjq, cgkjxtyyjq b cfvjhfpdbdf.otqcz xfcnb cjj,otcndf, htfkbpe.otq cdj. frnbdyjcnm b d jykfqyt b d jaakfqyt, rfr «cgkjxtyyjcnm», «ctntdfz cnhernehf», «ghbdzpfyyjcnm r rjyrhtnyjve vtcne». |
