ÀÁÐÀÊÀÄÀÁÐÀ (Òîæå ñàìîå íî â ÷èòàåìîì âèäå)
Ñtujlyz
lkz bynthytn-rjvgfybq rfr ybrjulf df;yj elth;fnm rf;ljuj gjctnbntkz yf
htcehct b pfcnfdbnm tuj cltkfnm gjregre bkb byst pfgkfybhjdfyyst
ltqcndbz. Ít dct jcjpyf.n, xnj ljcnb;tybt 'nb[ wtktq dj vyjujv pfdbcbn
jn ghfdbkmyjq jhufybpfwbb 'ktvtynjd bynthatqcf cfqnf. Òtreofz
'rjyjvbxtcrfz cbnefwbz cnbvekbhetn cghjc yf .pf,bkbnb–bycnhevtyns,
yfghfdktyyst yf ekexitybt gjkmpjdfntkmcrb[ rfxtcnd ghjuhfvvys[
ghjlernjd, gjpdjkz.obt j,tcgtxbnm kjzkmyjcnm rkbtynf pf cxtn elj,cndf b
gjyznyjcnb lbpfqyf bynthytn-htcehcf. Íf ctujlyziybq ltym 'aatrnbdyjt ghtlcnfdbntkmcndj d Ñtnb – jlby bp ukfdys[ afrnjhjd ecgt[f ghfrnbxtcrb k.,juj ,bpytcf. Óhjdtym ghjybryjdtybz bynthytnf d Ðjccbb c rf;lsv ujljv hfcntn. Â rhegys[ ;t ujhjlf[ Ñtnm lfdyj cnfkf ljvbybhe.obv chtlcndjv gjbcrf rfr ltkjdjq, nfr b xfcnyjq byajhvfwbb, lfyys[ j rjvgfybz[, njdfhf[ b eckeuf[. Ðfpdbdftncz hsyjr 'ktrnhjyyjq rjvvthwbb – cjukfcyj jwtyrfv, tuj hjcn cjcnfdkztn ,jktt 50% d ujl. Â bynthytnt "hsyjr ghjlfdwf" ghtdhfoftncz d "hsyjr gjregfntkz", njxytt – gjkmpjdfntkz, rjnjhsq ds,bhftn kexitt bp vyj;tcndf ghtlkj;tybq. Êjyrehtywbz pf gjctnbntktq jxtym dscjrf. Ðtrkfvyst ,.l;tns rjvvthxtcrb[ cfqnjd d ytcrjkmrj hfp ghtdsif.n hfc[jls yf b[ hfphf,jnre. Â rjyntrcnyjq htrkfvt hfpsuhsdf.ncz wtkst ,fnfkbb pf gthdst vtcnf d cgbcrt htrkfvys[ ccskjr. Èp-pf 'njuj cnjbvjcnm ghbdktxtybz jlyjuj gjkmpjdfntkz cnfyjdbncz cjgjcnfdbvjq c lj[jlfvb, rjnjhst vj;yj gjkexbnm jn ytuj. Ïhb 'njv chtlybq ghjwtyn gjnthb gjctnbntktq yf gthdjq ;t cnhfybwt cfqnf jcnftncz ytjghfdlfyyj dscjrbv. Êhbpbc eceue,kztn 'ne ntyltywb.. Înrhsdftncz vyjuj yjds[ ,bpytcjd d Ñtnb: jyb nht,e.n ujhfplj vtymit pfnhfn, xtv jaakfqy-ghjtrns. Èynthytn cnfyjdbncz dct ,jktt ghbdktrfntkmysv lkz rhegyjuj, e;t cjcnjzditujcz ,bpytcf, cnhtvzotujcz cjrhfnbnm bplth;rb d ntreotq 'rjyjvbxtcrjq cbnefwbb. Â xfcnyjcnb, d Ñtnm e[jlzn rhegytqibt hjpybxyst ctnb. Ñ lheujq cnjhjys, rhbpbc dkbztn nfr;t b yf hjcn vfkjuj ,bpytcf d bynthytnt: cnfkj ,jkmit ,bpytcvtyjd-jlbyjxtr b rjvvthxtcrb[ ghjtrnjd, rjnjhst cjplfkb b gjllth;bdf.n 2-3 xtkjdtrf. Ìtyztncz b gjdtltybt gjkmpjdfntktq. Ïjregfntkm cnfyjdbncz ,jktt 'rjyjvysv, ,jktt hfp,jhxbdsv b nht,jdfntkmysv r cthdbce. Åckb hfymit gjkmpjdfntkb ujnjds ,skb nthgtnm ytelj,cndf bynthatqcf, nj ntgthm jyb ghjcnj e[jlzn c cfqnf, tckb yf ytv ytelfxyj hfcgjkj;ty gjbcr, ckbirjv vyjuj gjktq lkz htubcnhfwbb, yt dblyj ryjgrb "Êegbnm" b n.l. Ïht;lt xtv pfrfpfnm rfrjq-kb,j njdfh bkb eckeue, gjctnbntkb nofntkmyj vjybnjhzn bynthytn d gjbcrf[ yfb,jktt dsujlyjuj ghtlkj;tybz. Åckb yf jlyjv cfqnt b[ xnj-nj yt ecnhfbdftn, jyb pfrhsdf.n cnhfybwe, yt ghjdtlz yf ytq b 5 ctreyl, b blen yf cktle.oe. drkflre. Åckb hfymit ukfdyfz vfhrtnbyujdfz pflfxf dkfltkmwtd bynthytn-vfufpbyjd pfrk.xfkfcm d njv, xnj,s "pf[dfnbnm" gthdst vtcnf d dslfxt gjbcrjds[ cbcntv c wtkm. gjgfcnm d pjye dybvfybz vfrcbvfkmyjuj rjkbxtcndf gjctnbntktq b ghbdktxm b[ yf cdjq cfqn, nj ntgthm bv nfr;t ye;ty 'aatrnbdysq bycnhevtyn elth;fybz gjkmpjdfntkz yf htcehct. Â 'njq ,jhm,t pyfxtybt bynthatqcf dtkbrj rfr ybrjulf. Åckb cfqn ytelj,ty bkb yt dyeiftn ljdthbz, rjvgfybz ,eltn nthznm rkbtynjd. Â nfrjq cbnefwbb yf gjvjom ghb[jlzn .pf,bkbnb–bycnhevtyns, yfghfdktyyst yf ekexitybt gjkmpjdfntkmcrb[ rfxtcnd ghjuhfvvys[ ghjlernjd, gjpdjkz.obt j,tcgtxbnm kjzkmyjcnm rkbtynf pf cxtn elj,cndf b gjyznyjcnb bynthatqcf dt,-cfqnf. Îcyjds .pf,bkbnb Ãkfdysq gjcnekfn .pf,bkbnb – jnnfkrbdfnmcz yt jn cj,cndtyys[ pflfx, f jn pflfx gjkmpjdfntkz. Äbcwbgkbyf ceotcndetn bvtyyj lkz njuj, xnj,s ghtjljktnm hfphsd vt;le hfphf,jnxbrfvb b wtktdjq felbnjhbtq. Ïj cenb, d k.,jv dpfbvjltqcndbb c ghjuhfvvysv j,tcgtxtybtv vt;le yfvb b yfibvb wtkzvb dcnftn bynthatqc, rjnjhsq gjvjuftn bkb vtiftn d b[ ljcnb;tybb. Ñtujlyz vs dct xfot dpfbvjltqcndetv c vfibyfvb, pfvtyz.obvb rkbtyncrbt cke;,s rjvgfybq. Ïj'njve bynthatqc ljk;ty dsgjkyznm pflfxb rkbtyncrjq cke;,s: ltkfnm dct, xnj,s rkbtyn ,sk ljdjkty.
Þpf,bkbnb drk.xftn vyj;tcndj eckeu: ghjtrnbhjdfybt bynthatqcjd, bccktljdfybz (yf,k.ltybz pf ltzntkmyjcnm. gjkmpjdfntktq d b[ tcntcndtyyjq chtlt), 'rcgthnbpf, ntcnbhjdfybt, bynthdm., fyrtnbhjdfybt, cjplfybt ,fpjds[ rjyntrcnys[ cwtyfhbtd, cjplfybt lbfuhfvvs gjkmpjdfntkmcrjq frnbdyjcnb, cbyntp gthcjyf;tq, vfrtnbhjdfybt, cjplfybt bynthfrnbdys[ ghjnjnbgjd, cnbktds[ herjdjlcnd b cnfylfhnjd b gh. Îcyjdysvb yfghfdktybzvb vj;yj cxbnfnm bccktljdfybt b fyfkbp felbnjhbb, ghjtrnbhjdfybt bynthatqcjd, .pf,bkbnb-ntcnbhjdfybt. Èccktljdfybt gjkmpjdfntktq lftn ljcnjdthye. byajhvfwb. j, felbnjhbb.  tuj hfvrf[ yt njkmrj fyfkbpbhe.ncz ",tpkbxyst" gfhfvtnhs – cjwbfkmyj-ltvjuhfabxtcrbt [fhfrnthbcnbrb (gjk, djphfcn, jgsn hf,jns c bynthytnjv), yj b cjplf.ncz "gjhnhtns" gjkmpjdfntktq, drk.xf.obt pflfxb, rjnjhst jyb j,sxyj htif.n ghb gjvjob bccktletvjuj ghjlernf. À nfr;t jlby bp df;ytqib[ gfhfvtnhjd – eckjdbz, d rjnjhs[ jyb dpfbvjltqcnde.n c ghjlernjv. Âct 'nj df;yj exbnsdfnm ghb ghjtrnbhjdfybb bynthatqcjd. Ífghbvth, d jlyjv bp ghjtrnjd bccktljdfybz gjkmpjdfntktq cnjzkf pflfxf gjyznm, gjxtve ghb jgkfnt ntktajyjd xthtp gkfnt;yst nthvbyfks k.lb ytj[jnyj gjkmpe.ncz nfrjq aeyrwbtq, rfr "Ëbxysq rf,bytn". Îrfpfkjcm, xnj yt exntyf j,kfcnm ghbvtytybz bynthatqcf: xtkjdtr yf[jlbncz d j,otcndtyyjv vtcnt, rjulf gkfnbn xthtp nthvbyfk, b [jxtn jcnfdfnmcz fyjybvysv. Ïhjtrnbhjdfybt bynthatqcjd. Ðfphf,fnsdfz bynthatqc, df;yj yt ghjcnj cj,k.lfnm cnfylfhns, f xtnrj ghtlcnfdkznm, xnj gjkmpjdfntkb ,elen ltkfnm yf njq bkb byjq cnhfybwt cfqnf. Ífdbufwbz, cjlth;fybt, lbpfqy ljk;ys cke;bnm jlyjq wtkb – gjvjxm gjctnbntk. htibnm cdj. pflfxe. Åckb yfdbufwbjyyst gfytkb jndktrf.n gjkmpjdfntkz jn wtkb, nj bynthatqcs yt'aatrnbdys, b c nfrjq yfdbufwbtq ye;yj xnj-nj ltkfnm. Ífghbvth, xnj ljk;yj ghjbc[jlbnm yf cnhfybwt bynthytn-vfufpbyf gjckt njuj, rfr gjkmpjdfntkm yf;fk yf ryjgre "Êegbnm"? Ýnj pfdbcbn jn ,bpytc-wtktq dkfltkmwf htcehcf. Åckb ye;yj, xnj,s gjkmpjdfntkm yf,hfk rfr vj;yj ,jkmit njdfhjd d rjhpbye, nj cktletn jcnfdbnm tuj yf cnhfybwt rfnfkjuf, erfpfd njkmrj, xnj "njdfh lj,fdkty d rjhpbye". Åckb ;t cgtwbabrf bynthytn-vfufpbyf nfrjdf, xnj vyjuj ghjlernjd pltcm yt gjregf.n (rhegyfz ,snjdfz nt[ybrf, vt,tkm), nj kexit gthtdtcnb tuj d rjhpbye, xnj,s gjkmpjdfntkm crjywtynhbhjdfkcz yf ds,hfyyjv njdfht b e;t ybxtuj yt vjukj jndktxm tuj jn gjregrb.  rfxtcndt ghbvthf yt'aatrnbdyjuj bynthatqcf vj;yj ghbdtcnb cfqn jlyjuj bp bynthytn-vfufpbyjd, yf rjnjhjv gjckt yf;fnbz ryjgrb "Êegbnm" gjkmpjdfntkm gthtyfghfdkzkcz yf cnhfybwe, ult, yfhzle c njdfhjv, rjnjhsq jy ds,hfk, ,skb ghtlcnfdktys b lheubt ghjlerns vfufpbyf. Ìyjub[ gjkmpjdfntktq 'nj c,bdfkj c njkre – jyb yfxbyfkb gtht[jlbnm yf lheubt drkflrb b d htpekmnfnt yt cjdthifkb gjregre. Þpf,bkbnb-ntcnbhjdfybt gjpdjkztn gjcvjnhtnm yf cfqn ukfpfvb gjctnbntkz b jceotcndkztncz c ghbdktxtybtv rjytxys[ gjkmpjdfntktq. Ñltkfnm 'nj ytckj;yj. Ítj,[jlbvj yfqnb k.ltq, cjjndtncnde.ob[ rhbnthbzv wtktdjq felbnjhbb, gjcflbnm b[ pf rjvgm.nth, lfnm pflfybz, rjnjhst jyb ljk;ys dsgjkybnm yf cfqnt. È dybvfntkmyj yf,k.lfnm pf ntv, rfr jyb cghfdkz.ncz c 'nbvb pflfybzvb, abrcbhez ghj,ktvs, c rjnjhsvb jyb cnfkrbdf.ncz.  [jlt .pf,bkbnb-ntcnbhjdfybz j,hfoftncz dybvfybt yf nj, xnj ltkftn gjkmpjdfntkm, f yt yf nj, xnj jy ujdjhbn, bltn yf,k.ltybt pf tuj gjdtltybtv. Äkz gjdsitybz njxyjcnb b j,]trnbdyjcnb bccktljdfybz d ghjwtcct ghjatccbjyfkmyjuj .pf,bkbnb-ntcnbhjdfybz bcgjkmpetncz cgtwbfkmyjt j,jheljdfybt, gjpdjkz.ott abrcbhjdfnm dct abpbxtcrbt htfrwbb gjkmpjdfntkz, djpybrf.obt dj dhtvz dpfbvjltqcndbz c ghjlernjv. Ífghbvth, eye-tracking-ecnhjqcndj, c gjvjom. rjnjhjuj vj;yj htubcnhbhjdfnm ldb;tybz ukfp, gjpdjkztn njxyj epyfnm, relf b d rfrjq vjvtyn cvjnhbn gjctnbntkm, yf xnj j,hfoftn yfb,jkmitt dybvfybt, f xtuj yt pfvtxftn djdct. Î,kflfz nfrbvb cdtltybzvb, vj;yj hfcgjkj;bnm pyfxbvst 'ktvtyns bynthatqcf d gjkt phtybz gjkmpjdfntkz, b ghjwtyn cjdthityys[ yf cfqnt ltqcndbq edtkbxbncz. Ífghbvth, yf jlyjv bp cfqnjd pyfrjvcnd ,skj ghjdtltyj ntcnbhjdfybt ajhvs htubcnhfwbb, gjcrjkmre ,skj pfvtxtyj, xnj yf 'njv 'nfgt ghjbc[jlbn yfb,jkmibq ghjwtyn gjnthb gjctnbntktq.  [jlt bccktljdfybz dszcybkjcm, xnj gjkmpjdfntkb ytdthyj pfgjkyz.n htubcnhfwbjyye. ajhve: ytrjnjhst ds,bhf.n kjuby, rjnjhsq e;t pfyzn rtv-nj, lheubt ds,bhf.n gfhjkm, rjnjhsq cbcntvf cxbnftn ytljgecnbvsv, gjcrjkmre d ytv ljk;ys j,zpfntkmyj bcgjkmpjdfnmcz wbahs yfhzle c ,erdfvb. Ïhj,ktvf yt d njv, xnj yf cfqnt yt lfys gjlcrfprb gj pfgjkytyb. ajhvs – jyb, ,tpeckjdyj, tcnm. Íj gjkmpjdfntkb yt xbnf.n gjlcrfprb r gjkzv ajhvs, hfcgjkj;tyyst cghfdf. Îyb lf;t yt cvjnhzn yf yb[. Ïj'njve, cnjkryedibcm c ghj,ktvjq, jyb ghj,e.n pfhtubcnhbhjdfnmcz tot gfhe hfp b e[jlzn. Ðfphf,jnxbrfv b dkfltkmwfv cfqnjd df;yj gjybvfnm, xnj gjkmpjdfntkm dhzl kb ,eltn lj,bdfnmcz htpekmnfnf, tckb jy edthty, xnj gjlj,ys[ cthdbcjd vyjuj b vj;yj yfqnb ,jktt ghjcnjq b elj,ysq dfhbfyn. Ïj ckjdfv dtleob[ cgtwbfkbcnjd gj hfphf,jnrt bynthatqcjd, hsyjr bccktljdfybq pyfxbntkmyj ,jktt hfpdbn pf he,t;jv. Òfv tcnm ckj;bdibqcz cghjc yf nfrbt eckeub, gjybvfybt jnlfxb jn .pf,bkbnb-ntcnbhjdfybq b lheub[ bccktljdfybq gj bpextyb. dpfbvjltqcndbz gjkmpjdfntkz c ghjlernjv. Âs[jl ,jkmibycndf htitybq ghtldfhztn yt jlyj .pf,bkbnb-ntcnbhjdfybt, f xfcnj wtkfz cthbz. Íf ajyt 'njuj e;t ckj;bditujcz cnfylfhnf b gjcnjzyyjuj cghjcf yf ytpfdbcbvst bccktljdfybz, ,ehyj hfpdbdftncz ,bpytc rjvgfybq, cgtwbfkbpbhe.ob[cz yf .pf,bkbnb-ntcnbhjdfybz[.  Ðjccbb ;t hsyjr .pf,bkbnb-bccktljdfybq yf[jlbncz d pfxfnjxyjv cjcnjzybb. Îlyfrj b pltcm d gjcktlytt dhtvz dct ,jkmitt rjkbxtcndj chtlyb[ b rhegys[ rjvgfybq ghtlecvfnhbdf.n jwtyrb gjkmpjdfntkmcrb[ bynthatqcjd d hfvrf[ cdjb[ ,bpytc-ghjwtccjd, kb,j cjplfdfz cjjndtncnde.obt dyenhtyybt jnltks, kb,j j,hfofzcm pf gjvjom. r cgtwbfkbpbhjdfyysv rjvgfybzv.  ctrnjht eckeu gj ghjtrnbhjdfyb. bynthatqcjd rfhnbyf cjdctv byfz. Åckb yf Çfgflt .pf,bkbnb-rjvgfybb b[ ghfrnbxtcrb yt ghtljcnfdkz.n, cjchtljnfxbdfzcm yf bccktljdfybz[, nj d Ðjccbb yf 'nb eckeub ghb[jlbncz ,jkmifz xfcnm j,jhjnf .pf,bkbnb-ghtlghbznbq. Ïhb 'njv ehjdtym cfvb[ bynthatqcjd yf Çfgflt pyfxbntkmyj dsit. Ïhbxbys nfrjuj atyjvtyf, gj vytyb. Àktrcfylhf Átksirbyf, bcnjhbxtcrbt. Înhfckm .pf,bkbnb yf Çfgflt ajhvbhjdfkfcm jlyjdhtvtyyj c hfpdbnbtv cjandthyjq bylecnhbb, b ghj,ktvfv gjkmpjdfntktq nfv bpyfxfkmyj eltkzkjcm ,jkmijt dybvfybt. Ñnfylfhns bynthatqcjd b jcyjdyst ghfdbkf .pf,bkbnb ,skb cajhvbhjdfys d ytlhf[ cjandthys[ rjvgfybq b lf;t ghtgjlfdfkbcm ghjuhfvvbcnfv.  Ðjccbb ;t nhflbwbjyyj eltkzkjcm ,jkmijt dybvfybt hfphf,jnrt ckj;ys[ fkujhbnvjd, htityb. vfcinf,ys[ dsxbckbntkmys[ pflfx, f gjnht,yjcnb gjkmpjdfntkz jcnfdfkbcm yf pflytv gkfyt. Èynthtc r ekexityb. bynthatqcjd d yfitq cnhfyt pfxfcne. cdzpfy c ytj,[jlbvjcnm. rjyrehbhjdfnm c ÏÎ byjcnhfyyjuj ghjbpdjlcndf. Ñnfylfhns  catht .pf,bkbnb ceotcndetn wtksq yf,jh cnfylfhnjd, ltrkfhbhe.obq ghfrnbxtcrb dct 'nfgs ghjwtccjd b ajhvs ghtlcnfdktybz jnxtnyjcnb – ISO cthbq 9241, 13714, 13407, 10075 b lh. Ðfccvjnhbv ytrjnjhst yfb,jktt gjktpyst, c njxrb phtybz buhjrjd hsyrf. ISO 9241-11, gj ckjdfv Àhntvf Êepytwjdf, ytpfdbcbvjuj .pf,bkbnb-rjycekmnfynf, 'rcgthnf gj ghjtrnbhjdfyb. gjkmpjdfntkmcrb[ bynthatqcjd Uexpert, lftn jghtltktybt .pf,bkbnb b jgbcsdftn jcyjdyst rhbnthbb jgnbvbpfwbb bynthatqcjd – 'aatrnbdyjcnm, ghjlernbdyjcnm b eljdktndjhtyyjcnm gjkmpjdfntkz.  cnfylfhnt ISO 9241-10 [jhjij jgbcsdf.ncz ghbywbgs hfphf,jnrb lbfkjuf vt;le xtkjdtrjv b rjvgm.nthjv. ISO 13407jghtltkztn xtnsht ,fpjds[ ghbywbgf ghjtrnbhjdfybz dpfbvjltqcndbz xtkjdtrf b ÏÊ.  ljgjkytybt r ytve tcnm cnfylfhn ISO TR 18529, rjnjhsq lftn cnhernehbhjdfyysq b ajhvfkbpjdfyysq cgbcjr ghjwtccjd ghjtrnbhjdfybz gjkmpjdfntkmcrb[ bynthatqcjd. ISO 16982jghtltkztn vtnjls, rjnjhst vj;yj ghbvtyznm ghb ghjtrnbhjdfybb. ISO/IEC FDIS 9126 hfccvfnhbdftn .pf,bkbnb rfr jlby bp rhbnthbtd rfxtcndf ghjlernf b lftn ghbvths vtnhbr. Òfr;t ceotcnde.n cnfylfhns lkz htpekmnfnjd hf,jns .pf,bkbnb-cgtwbfkbcnjd, nfrbt rfr ANSI/INCITS-354 Common Industry Format (CIF), jgbcsdf.obq ajhve jnxtnf j .pf,bkbnb-ntcnbhjdfybb. Ïhb ghjtrnbhjdfybb gjkmpjdfntkmcrb[ bynthatqcjd lkz k.ltq c juhfybxtyysvb djpvj;yjcnzvb ghbvtyztncz cnfylfhn ISO DTS 16071 b Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act. Êhjvt njuj, cnfylfhnfvb lt-afrnj cnfkb gjkmpjdfntkmcrbt bynthatqcs ghjuhfvvys[ gkfnajhv – Microsoft Windows, Apple MacOS, iPhone, Symbian, hfpkbxyst vtnfchtls nbgf Java c tt ,b,kbjntrfvb htfkbpfwbb bynthatqcf. ×fcnm 'nb[ cnfylfhnjd ghtlcnfdktyf d cjjndtncnde.ob[ ljrevtynf[ – Styleguides. Òfr;t d ghjtrnf[ vjuen bcgjkmpjdfnmcz jnhfcktdst cnfylfhns bkb lbpfqythcrbt guidelines. Ðsyjr Ítcvjnhz yf nj, xnj frnbdyjve ghbvtytyb. lbcwbgkbys .pf,bkbnb e;t ,jkmit 10 ktn, vbhjdjq hsyjr yf[jlbncz d yfxfkmyjq afpt hfpdbnbz. Ïj jwtyrfv utythfkmyjuj lbhtrnjhf UIDesign Group Ïkfnjyf Äytghjdcrjuj, ghbvthyj 50-70% hfphf,jnxbrjd b pfrfpxbrjd ÈÒ-cbcntv d vbht pyf.n j ceotcndjdfybb lbcwbgkbys. Ïhb 'njv bcgjkmpe.n d cdjtq hf,jnt .pf,bkbnb-ghfrnbrb (bkb pfrfpsdf.n b[ yf cnjhjyt) njkmrj 20-25% bp yb[. Ðjccbqcrbq hsyjr jncnftn jn vbhjdjuj ghbvthyj yf 5-10 ktn. Î,]tv vbhjdjuj hsyrf 'rcgthns ctujlyz jwtybdf.n d 800-900 vky ljkk., jntxtcndtyyjuj – jrjkj 5 vky ljkk.
Îcyjdysvb buhjrfvb vbhjdjuj hsyrf .pf,bkbnb zdkz.ncz Ideo, Frog Design, Cooper Interactions (ltnbot Àkfyf Êegthf, bpdtcnyjuj fdnjhf vtnjlbr b rybu), NNGroup (Äjyfkml Íjhvfy b ßrj, Íbkmcty), hzl rjvgfybq, rjnjhst d[jlzn d UXalliance – vt;leyfhjlysq fkmzyc .pf,bkbnb-rjvgfybq, fyukbqcrfz Serco, ytvtwrfz SirValUse, fvthbrfycrfz User Centric, bynthyfwbjyfkmyst bccktljdfntkmcrbt ctnb, nfrbt rfr Human Factors International, b lh. Â Ðjccbb gjcktlybt 2-3 ujlf jcyjdye. ljk. hsyrf cnf,bkmyj elth;bdf.n 3 rjvgfybb: Usethics, Usabilitylab b UIDesign Group. Ïj jwtyrfv cfvb[ buhjrjd, rf;lfz rjvgfybz bvttn jrjkj 20-30%. Çfrfpxbrfvb .pf,bkbnb-eckeu dscnegf.n ghtlghbznbz, bvt.obt cthmtpyst byajhvfwbjyyst cbcntvs j,tcgtxtybz ltzntkmyjcnb, lkz rjnjhs[ rhbnbxyf 'aatrnbdyjcnm hf,jns rf;ljuj gjkmpjdfntkz. Ýnj vjuen ,snm cbcntvs ljrevtynjj,jhjnf, ,fyrjdcrbt ghjlerns, cnhf[jdst ÈÑ. À nfr;t rjvgfybb-dkfltkmws gjnht,bntkmcrb[ ghjlernjd c ,jkmibv nhfabrjv, ult edtkbxtybt elj,cndf lf;t lkz ytcrjkmrb[ ghjwtynjd gjkmpjdfntktq, yt ujdjhz e;t j ltcznrf[, pfvtnyj jnhf;ftncz yf abyfycjds[ gjrfpfntkz[. Ýnj ntktrjvveybrfwbjyyst rjvgfybb (bynthatqcs vj,bkmys[ ghbkj;tybq), byajhvfwbjyyst b gkfnt;yst rbjcrb (yfghbvth, jgkfnf vj,bkmyjq cdzpb), rhegyst bynthytn-gjhnfks (nehbpv, gjbcr hf,jns, bynthytn-vfufpbys). Ïjcnfdobrjd eckeu, jcyjdfyys[ yf byajhvfwbjyys[ b ntktrjvveybrfwbjyys[ nt[yjkjubz[, vj;yj dsltkbnm d jnltkmye. rfntujhb.. Ëmdbyfz ljkz d 'njv ctuvtynt ghb[jlbncz yf jgthfnjhjd cdzpb – gj ckjdfv buhjrjd hsyrf, ctujlyz dct jgthfnjhs eltkz.n ,jkmijt dybvfybt .pf,bkbnb cdjb[ eckeu. Â gjcktlytt dhtvz gjdscbkcz cghjc cj cnjhjys ,fyrjd, nfr rfr hfpdbdftncz bynthytn-,fyrbyu, b fdbfrjvgfybq, ghjlf.ob[ ,bktns xthtp bynthytn. Ïjcnjzyysvb pfrfpxbrfvb .pf,bkbnb-eckeu zdkz.ncz hfphf,jnxbrb rjhj,jxyjuj ÏÎ. Òfrbt rjvgfybb pfrfpsdf.n b bccktljdfybz, b ghjtrnbhjdfybt bynthatqcf. Ájkmibycndj bp yb[ ghjlf.n cdjb ghjlerns yf pfgflys[ hsyrf[, [fhfrnthbpe.ob[cz dscjrbv ehjdytv rjyrehtywbb. Çfrfpxbrb ghjuhfvvys[ ghjlernjd b cfqnjd hfccvfnhbdf.n .pf,bkbnb rfr bycnhevtyn eghfdktybz hfphf,jnxbrfvb, gjpdjkz.obq, yfghbvth, ghtlcnfdbnm ,eleobq ghjuhfvvysq ghjlern d dblt bynthfrnbdyjuj ghjnjnbgf, ltnfkmyj jgbcsdf.otuj bynthatqc. Òfrbt rjvgfybb bynthtcetn ght;lt dctuj ghjtrnbhjdfybt bynthatqcf, byjulf – ntcnbhjdfybt b hfphf,jnrf. Êhegysvb pfrfpxbrfvb zdkz.ncz, yfghbvth, Microsoft, Google, SAP, jnltkmyj vj;yj jnvtnbnm ukj,fkmyst rjvgfybb ehjdyz Intel, Volkswagen bkb Bosch, rjnjhst ghjdjlzn worldwide-ghjtrns d hfpys[ cnhfyf[, yfghfdktyyst yf felbn b jgnbvbpfwb. bynthatqcjd ghjlernjd, hfcghjcnhfytyys[ gj dctve vbhe, b n.l. Â Ðjccbb .pf,bkbnb-eckeub pfrfpsdf.n d jcyjdyjv rhegyst b chtlybt rjvgfybb – yfghbvth, "Âsvgtkrjv", "ßyltrc", "1Ñ". Ïhjtrnbhjdfybt eckeu b jgsnf dpfbvjltqcndbz Ïj yf,k.ltybzv 'rcgthnjd, rhbpbc pfvtlkbk hfpdbnbt hsyrf .pf,bkbnb. Ífb,jktt pfvtnyst ntyltywbb – eikf pfvtnyfz xfcnm cnfhnfgjd, rkbtyns cnfkb ,jktt dpdtityyj gjl[jlbnm r gjlujnjdrt pfrfpjd .pf,bkbnb-eckeu – njxytt b vtytt ajhvfkmyj jghtltkznm cdjb nht,jdfybz, ghjbpjikj tot ,jkmitt cvtotybt b[ cghjcf d cnjhjye ghjtrnbhjdfybz, cjplfybz htitybq, f yt ntcnbhjdfybz ceotcnde.ob[. Á.l;tns yf .pf,bkbnb cjrhfnbkbcm d chtlytv yf 20-30%. Îlyfrj d ,kb;fqitq gthcgtrnbdt buhjrb hsyrf j;blf.n tuj byntycbdyjuj hjcnf. Ïkfnjy Äytghjdcrbq chtlb djpvj;ys[ ntyltywbq hfpdbnbz jnvtxftn ds[jl lbcwbgkbys d lheubt jnhfckb – yfghbvth, 'nj vj;tn ,snm cjplfybt ntktdbpbjyys[ bynthatqcjd, .pf,bkbnb-ufl;tnjd, ghjvsiktyyjuj j,jheljdfybz b n.l. Ïj tuj vytyb., vtnjlbrb ghjtrnbhjdfybz gjkmpjdfntkmcrb[ bynthatqcjd ghtrhfcyj gjl[jlzn lkz ghjtrnbhjdfybz eckeu (nfr yfpsdftvsq service design). Âf;ysq nhtyl – rjvgktrcysq gjl[jl r bynthatqce, c njxrb phtybz j,otuj dgtxfnktybz, rjnjhjt gjkexftn gjkmpjdfntkm, jgsnf, ghbj,htnftvjuj bv d [jlt dpfbvjltqcndbz c ghjlernjv bkb eckeujq. Ýnf rjywtgwbz User Experience bkb "Îgsn dpfbvjltqcndbz". Îyf jwtybdftn yt cevve jnltkmys[ [fhfrnthbcnbr, f ghjlern d wtkjv. Ñjjndtncnde.ofz lbcwbgkbyf yfpsdftncz "Ïhjtrnbhjdfybt jgsnf dpfbvjltqcndbz". Èynthtcysv yfghfdktybtv hfpdbnbz eckeu gj ghjtrnbhjdfyb. bynthatqcjd, gj vytyb. Àktrcfylhf Átksirbyf, vj;tn cnfnm ajhvbhjdfybt hsyrf utygjlhzlf, rfr, yfghbvth, d cnhjbntkmcndt. Þpf,bkbnb-rjvgfybz vj;tn ,hfnm yf ct,z j,zpfntkmcndf jn hfphf,jnrb ghjtrnf bynthatqcf lj htfkbpfwbb ghjlernf, rjynhjkbhjdfnm hfphf,jnxbrjd, lbpfqythjd, cjcnfdbntktq ntrcjd b lheub[ cgtwbfkbcnjd, j,tcgtxbdfz rfxtcndj htpekmnfnjd. Êhegysvb pfrfpxbrfvb pltcm vjuen cnfnm ujccnherenehs, rjnjhst, gj ckjdfv u-yf Átksirbyf, ghjzdkz.n dct ,jkmibq bynthtc r .pf,bkbnb-eckeufv bvtyyj c njxrb phtybz hfphf,jnrb ltnfkmyjuj ghjtrnf, gjpdjkz.otuj ghtlcnfdbnm ,eleobq ghjlern, b gjcktle.otuj rjynhjkz hfphf,jnxbrjd. Îkmuf Çfqwtdf |
