Åckb dthbnm "ntjhtvt j ,tcrjytxys[ j,tpmzyf[",
nj cfvfz j,sxyfz vfhnsirf cgjcj,yf yfgbcfnm itrcgbhjdcrjuj "Ãfvktnf".
Ïhfdlf, njkmrj d njv ckexft, tckb gjnhfnbn yf 'nj ,tcrjytxyjt
rjkbxtcndj j,tpmzyj-xfcjd. Òj, xnj vjukj ,s gjkexbnmcz d htpekmnfnt
nfrjuj vfhnsirbyf nhelf, jgbcfyj d hfccrfpt Ájh[tcf "Âfdbkjycrfz ,b,kbjntrf": 'nj [hfybkbot, cjlth;fott dct djpvj;yst ntrcns, rjnjhst rjulf-kb,j ceotcndjdfkb bkb ,elen ceotcndjdfnm.
Ájh[tc djj,ot k.,bk nfrbt inerb: vj;yj dcgjvybnm tot tuj "Àkta", d rjnjhjv jgbcfyf njxrf ghjcnhfycndf, cjlth;fofz d ct,t dct jcnfkmyst njxrb, bkb hfccrfp j gjvyzotv dct Èhtytj Ôeytct. Åcnm tot "Ïmth Ìtyfh, fdnjh Äjy Êb[jnf"
— j gbcfntkt, pflevfditv cfvjcnjzntkmyj cjplfnm 'njn hjvfy, d njv cfvjv
dblt, d rjnjhjv tuj yfgbcfk Ñthdfyntc. Ìj;yj crfpfnm, xnj Ìtyfh
dsgjkyztn hjkm "bp,hfyyjq j,tpmzys" — c njq njkmrj hfpybwtq, xnj tuj
ntrcn zdkztncz htpekmnfnjv ndjhxtcndf, f yt ghjcnjuj yf;fnbz rkfdbi d
ckexfqyjv gjhzlrt, rfr njuj nht,e.n eckjdbz "j,tpmzymtq ntjhtvs".
Åot jlybv bcnjxybrjv ,tcrjytxyjuj rjkbxtcndf rjv,byfwbq zdkz.ncz bhhfwbjyfkmyst xbckf. Ífghbvth, xbckj "t"
,tcrjytxyj, b gjcktljdfntkmyjcnm wbah yf k.,jv pfhfytt ds,hfyyjv tuj
exfcnrt — ytgjdnjhz.ofzcz. Òfrbv j,hfpjv, tckb dpznm k.,jq crjkm eujlyj
,jkmijq yf,jh wbah, nj jy ljk;ty cjlth;fnmcz d 'njv xbckt.
Òfrbvb ;t cdjqcndfvb j,kflftn xbckj "gb". Óxbnsdfz nj, xnj ctqxfc
ghtj,kflftn wbahjdfz ajhvf hfcghjcnhfytybz rjyntynf, yfhjl yf ajhevt
"Þhrke,f" dgjkyt pfrjyjvthyj bynthtcetncz:
yt yfheiftn kb fdnjhcrb[ ghfd bcgjkmpjdfybt xbckf, d rjnjhjv cjlth;fncz
dct djpvj;yst ghjbpdtltybz, 'nbvb ghfdfvb j[hfyztvst? (Â njv xbckt,
rcnfnb, b nt, rjnjhst tot yt cjplfys). Â j,otv, .hbcns, rfr dctulf,
k.,jt evjphbntkmyjt pfrk.xtybt cnfdzn yf cke;,e ghjuhtcce b bpdktxtyb.
ghb,skb. À xtuj tve phz ghjgflfnm: gecnm j,tpmzys gbien, gjnjv vj;yj
bplfnm nj, xnj gjkexbkjcm, f ytye;yjt ds,hjcbnm.
Ñfv Ájh[tc, rcnfnb, nj;t jnlfk lfym "byntkktrnefkmyjq
cj,cndtyyjcnb": jy bpj,htk "gbieoe. vfibye" lkz fdnjvfnbxtcrjq
utythfwbb yjds[ ntrcnjd, rjnjhfz ljk;yf ,skf cdjtq hf,jnjq
"ghtlj[hfyznm kbnthfnehe jn cvthnb". Ïhfdlf, evth jy lj ibhjrjuj
hfcghjcnhfytybz rjvgm.nthjd, rjnjhst vjukb ,s htfkbpjdfnm 'nj
bpj,htntybt. Ìs c dfvb yf[jlbvcz d kexitv gjkj;tybb, b vj;tv lf;t
gjxbnfnm rybub bp "dfdbkjycrjq ,b,kbjntrb"
(ghfdlf, ybxtuj bynthtcyjuj d yb[ dsxbnfnm e vtyz yt gjkexbkjcm, yj,
vj;tn ,snm, dfv gjdtptn ,jkmit). À 'rdbdfktyn "gbieotq vfibys" lfdyj
e;t bcgjkmpetncz fdnjhfvb cgkjujd, yj Ájh[tc, rjytxyj ;t, vtxnfk yt j,
'njv...
À djn e;t b dkfltkmws lheub[ dt,-cthdbcjd jn utythfwbb ckexfqys[
ntrcnjd, rfr d ",b,kbjntrt" bkb cgkjuf[, gtht[jlzn r jcvscktyysv. Õjnz
nfrjq "jcvscktyysq utythfnjh", gj vytyb. ghjatccjhf Ïhtj,hf;tycrjuj,
"k.,fz ,f,f vj;tn hjlbnm rjulf eujlyj", yj Áekufrjd dct-nfrb ;bk lj
'gj[b njnfkmyjuj rjgbgtqcnf, b njuj, xnj byjulf ghjot ,eltn j,jqnbcm
,tp exfcnbz xtkjdtrf, ghtldbltnm, rjytxyj ;t, yt vju.
Çf,fdyj gjkexftncz: ktn djctvmltczn yfpfl Ájh[tcf djkyjdfkb cjdctv
lheubt ghj,ktvs, b dbltk jy cjdctv lheujt ,eleott. Íj d yfit
"pfrjgbhfqxtyyjt" ljytkmpz dhtvz djghjc j, fdnjhcndt ntrcnf b kbxyjcnb
fdnjhf nen ;t ytbp,t;yj gjhj;lftn djghjc j, fdnjhcrb[ ghfdf[ yf ytuj.
Ít nfr lfdyj djghjc j, 'njv ,sk gjlyzn yf gjgekzhyjv ghfdjdjv dt,kjut Groklaw, ghb chfdytybb gjkmpjdfntkmcrb[ cjukfitybq gjbcrjdbrjd Google b Wolfram Alfa.
Ó "Âjkmahfvf" d TOS tcnm hfpltk, htukfvtynbhe.obq cgjcj,s ljcnegf r
htpekmnfnfv 'njq "vfibys jndtnjd" - lkz njuj, xnj,s c ybvb
jpyfrjvbnmcz, ds ljk;ys ,snm xtkjdtrjv b gjkmpjdfnmcz cnfylfhnysv
,hfepthjv, ddjlz gjbcrjdst pfghjcs gj jlyjve. Êhjvt 'njuj,
juhfybxbdf.ncz wtkb bcgjkmpjdfybz gjbcrjds[ htpekmnfnjd, jyb ljk;ys
,snm "kbxysvb" b "ytrjvvthxtcrbvb". Âlj,fdjr, d cjukfitybb tcnm
nht,jdfybt ccskfnmcz yf gjbcrjdbr ghb bcgjkmpjdfybb tuj lfyys[.
Âjpvj;yjcnm juhfybxbdfnm bcgjkmpjdfybt cjplfyyjuj ghjuhfvvjq ntrcnf
tcnm b e cjplfntktq jntxtcndtyys[ "ghjldbyens[" gjbcrjdbrjd. Ñ ghjikjuj
ujlf xtndthnjq xfcnm. ÃÊ ddtltyj nfr yfpsdftvjt "bcrk.xbntkmyjt ghfdj
bpujnjdbntkz ,fps lfyys[". Èv j,kflf.n dct cjplfntkb ÁÄ, cjplfybt
rjnjhs[ nht,etn ceotcndtyys[ pfnhfn, gj evjkxfyb. 'nj — ,fps, d rjnjhs[
,jktt ltcznb nsczx pfgbctq.
Äj dcnegktybz d cbke "ÃÊ4×" ,fps lfyys[ j[hfyzkbcm fdnjhcrbv ghfdjv,
yj njkmrj d njv ckexft, tckb hf,jnf gj b[ cjcnfdktyb. ,skf ndjhxtcrjq.
Õjhjibvb ghbvthfvb "ytndjhxtcrb[" zdkz.ncz ghfdjdst ,fps, d rjnjhst
gjvtof.ncz dct ghbyznst yjhvfnbdyst frns jghtltktyyjq rfntujhbb, ,tp
rfrb[-kb,j hf,jn gj b[ rjvgjyjdrt.
Òtgthm, d cjjndtncndbb cj cnfnmtq 1334 ÃÊ, bp nfrb[ ,fp pfghtotyj
bpdktrfnm ceotcndtyye. xfcnm cjcnfdkz.ob[ tt vfnthbfkjd c
bcgjkmpjdfybtv nt[ybxtcrb[ chtlcnd. Èpdktrfnm jnltkmyst vfnthbfks bkb
dct ne ;t "ceotcndtyye. xfcnm" dhexye. — dct-nfrb vj;yj. Åckb nfrbt
vfnthbfks ge,kbre.ncz ult-nj lkz dctj,otuj ljcnegf, nj jyb ljk;ys
cjghjdj;lfnmcz erfpfybtv yf ,fpe lfyys[, bp rjnjhjq bpdktxtys. Òj, rfr
cjplfyf ,fpf, pyfxtybz yt bvttn, b pfybvfnmcz 'nbv vj;tn, hfpevttncz,
yt xtkjdtr, b lf;t yt ,tcrjytxyjt vyj;tcndj j,tpmzy, f gjbcrjdsq hj,jn.
È tckb dybvfntkmyj gjxbnfnm TOS jn Wolfram Alfa, nj kturj vj;yj edbltnm
gfhfkktkb c yfibv "ghfdjv cjplfntkz ÁÄ".
Êjgbhfqnjv j[hfyz.ncz tot b gjhj;lftvst ghjuhfvvjq "felbjdbpefkmyst
jnj,hf;tybz", nj tcnm, rfhnbyrb, rjnjhst jyf dsdjlbn yf 'rhfy, b
cutythbhjdfyysq pder. Òfrbt "jnj,hf;tybz" cxbnf.ncz cjcnfdyjq xfcnm.
cfvjq ghjuhfvvs, xnj jnhf;tyj d jghtltktybb 'njuj gjyznbz bp cnfnmb
1261 ÃÊ. Òtrcns, gjhj;lftvst ghjuhfvvjq, tt xfcnm. yt cxbnf.ncz. Íj z
gjpdjk. ct,t ghtlgjkj;bnm, xnj ktn 'nfr xthtp ytcrjkmrj, rjulf
gjbcrjdbrb, gjlj,yst Wolfram Alfa, jrhtgyen b yf,then cbke, b[
dkfltkmws vjuen htibnmcz yf ltvfhi, gjlj,ysq njve, xnj ghtlghbyzkb
dkfltkmws yjdjcnys[ futyncnd, c wtkm. ddtcnb j[hfye rjgbhfqnjv tot b
ntrcnjd, rjnjhst cjplftn cfqnf ghjuhfvvf.
Êcnfnb, cel bp-pf "gjhj;lftvs[ jnj,hf;tybq" e;t bvtk vtcnj d Ðjccbb:
jnvtnbkfcm rjvgfybz "1Ñ" tot gznm ktn yfpfl. Å. ,sk gjlfy bcr r
bplfntkmcnde "Ïbnth-,er", bp-pf yfheitybz bcrk.xbntkmyjuj ghfdf yf
ghjuhfvve "1Ñ: Áe[ufknthbz", b herjdjlcndj gj tt bcgjkmpjdfyb..
Ífheitybz, gj vytyb. .hbcnjd "1Ñ", pfrk.xfkbcm d njv, xnj d rybut,
bplfyyjq "Ïbnthjv", ,skb ytpfrjyyj bcgjkmpjdfys jnhsdrb bp herjdjlcndf,
f nfr;t ytpfrjyyj djcghjbpdtltys crhbyijns ghjuhfvvs. Ècgjkmpjdfybt
crhbyijnjd bcnwfvb ,skj hfcwtytyj rfr "gththf,jnrf ghjuhfvvs", b cel,
rjnjhsq hfccvfnhbdfk 'nj ltkj, cgthdf lf;t cjukfcbkcz c nfrjq
nhfrnjdrjq, gjkyjcnm. eljdktndjhbd bcr. Îlyfrj, d fgtkkzwbjyyjq
bycnfywbb htitybt gjvtyfkjcm yf lbfvtnhfkmyj ghjnbdjgjkj;yjt: d bcrt
,skj jnrfpfyj gjkyjcnm.. Êfccfwbjyyfz bycnfywbz dct cyjdf jnvtybkf b yfghfdbkf ltkj yf gjdnjhyjt hfccvjnhtybt, ye, f nfv e;t cnjhjys pfrk.xbkb vbhjdjt cjukfitybt,
gj eckjdbzv rjnjhjuj "Ïbnth" ghbpyfk afrn yfheitybz, f "1Ñ" dpfvty
jnrfpfkfcm jn nht,jdfybz dpscrfybz c bplfntkmcndf rjvgtycfwbb. Òfr xnj
cjdhtvtyyjt fdnjhcrjt ghfdj zdkztncz cnjkm ;t ytbcxthgftvsv bcnjxybrjv
afynfcvfujhbq, rfr b ghjbpdtltybz Ájh[tcf...
Ìt;le ghjxbv, d tuj kbnthfnehyjv yfcktlbb tcnm tot hfccrfp "Òk¸y, Ór,fh, Orbis tertius",
d rjnjhjv jgbcfy dsvsiktyysq vbh Ór,fh. Ëbnthfnehf Ór,fhf yjcbkf
bcrk.xbntkmyj afynfcnbxtcrbq [fhfrnth b gjdtcndjdfkf j lde[
djj,hf;ftvs[ cnhfyf[, Ìkt[yfct b Òk¸yt. "Orbis tertius", nj tcnm
"Òhtnbq vbh" — nfr yfpsdfkjcm jgbcfybt Òk¸yf, yfcxbnsdfditt cjhjr
njvjd. Ê rjywe hfccrfpf ytrjnjhst dtob, jgbcfyyst d "Orbis tertius",
cnfyjdzncz htfkmyjcnm.: vfnthbfkbpetncz rjvgfc c yflgbczvb yf zpsrt
Òk¸yf, b rjyec bp ytbpdtcnyjuj yf Çtvkt vtnfkkf, cbvdjkbpbhe.obq
,j;tcndj d ytrjnjhs[ nk¸ycrb[ htkbubz[.
×nj rjyrhtnyj cjlth;fkjcm d njvf[ "Orbis tertius", ytbpdtcnyj. Íj,
hfpevttncz, yt ckexfqyj nj, xnj ghtckjdenfz xtndthnfz xfcnm
Ãhf;lfycrjuj rjltrcf jcyjdfyf yf pfrjyt "Î, fdnjhcrjv ghfdt b cvt;ys[
ghfdf[", rjnjhsq, d cdj. jxthtlm, bvttn d jcyjdt Òeybccrbq vjltkmysq
pfrjy j, fdnjhcrjv ghfdt lkz hfpdbdf.ob[cz cnhfy 1976 ujlf... lf-lf,
ghtlyfpyfxtyysq lkz njuj cfvjuj "nhtnmtuj vbhf". È dgjkyt djpvj;yj, xnj
dct 'nb yjdst dtzybz fdnjhcrjuj ghfdf vfnthbfkbpjdfkbcm njxyj nfr ;t,
rfr gjzdkztncz d hfccrfpt rjvgfc c ytgjyznysvb yflgbczvb bkb fyjvfkmyj
nz;tksq recjr vtnfkkf.
Ïj'njve yt cnjbn elbdkznmcz, tckb d jlby ghtrhfcysq ltym d ldthb
rfrjuj-yb,elm bplfntkmcndf gjcnexbncz gbcfntkm gj afvbkbb Ìtyfh, b
gjnht,etn fdnjhcrb[ jnxbcktybq pf yfgbcfyysq bv hjvfy Ñthdfyntcf. Õjnz
Ájh[tc, gjdnjh.cm, vtxnfk yt j, 'njv.
