Ítcrjkmrj ytltkm yfpfl yf cfqnt Èccktljdfntkmcrjuj wtynhf xfcnyjuj ghfdf ,sk jge,kbrjdfy ghjtrn rjywtgwbb cjdthitycndjdfybz hfpltkf Ãhf;lfycrjuj rjltrcf, gjcdzotyyjuj ghfdfv yf htpekmnfns byntkktrnefkmyjq ltzntkmyjcnb. Èpvtytybz d xtndthne. xfcnm ÃÊ gkfybhetncz dytcnb d cjjndtncndbb c erfpjv Ïhtpbltynf j cjdthitycndjdfybb uhf;lfycrjuj pfrjyjlfntkmcndf.
Ñfv 'njn ljrevtyn ljcnfnjxyj rjhjnrbq, d ytv cjlth;fncz njkmrj jcyjdyst ghbywbgs nt[ bpvtytybq, rjnjhst, vj;tn ,snm, ,elen dytctys d ÃÊ. În Êjywtgwbb lj pfrjyjghjtrnf b ntv ,jktt pfrjyf ghjqltn tot vyjuj dhtvtyb. Òtv yt vtytt, lkz bynthytn-cjj,otcndf jyf ljcnfnjxyj df;yf. Íj yt njkmrj bp-pf njuj, xnj d ytq gkfybhetncz "ghjgbcfnm ghjwtlehe ghbdktxtybz r jndtncndtyyjcnb [jcnbyu-ghjdfqlthjd". Åcnm nfv tot rjt-xnj bynthtcyjt.
Îcyjdyjq wtkm. bpvtytybq d ÃÊ fdnjhs Êjywtgwbb yfpsdf.n ghbdtltybt uhf;lfycrjuj pfrjyjlfntkmcndf d cjjndtncndbt c cjdhtvtyysv ehjdytv nt[ybrb. Ïj b[ vytyb., ibhjrjt bcgjkmpjdfybt yjds[ nt[yjkjubq yt ljk;yj bcrk.xfnm pfobns bynthtcjd ghfdjj,kflfntktq. Òjulf rfr ctqxfc Èynthytn b fdnjhcrjt ghfdj, r cj;fktyb., yt cjdvtcnbvs.
Êjulf pfrjyjndjhws ujdjhzn j "cj,k.ltybb bynthtcjd ghfdjj,kflfntktq", j,sxyj chfpe ;t gjckt 'njuj yfxbyftncz vfccjdjt pfrhexbdfybt uftr, e;tcnjxtybt b ddtltybt yjds[ pfghtnjd. Îlyfrj, Êjywtgwbz — xenm kb yt gthdsq yf vjtq gfvznb ljrevtyn, rjnjhsq gsnftncz ecnhfybnm 'nj ghjnbdjhtxbt gentv dytctybz d pfrjy bpvtytybq, ghbvbhz.ob[ tuj c htfkmyjcnm..
Ýnj — yt njkmrj yfvthtybt ,jktt ltnfkmyj "ghjgbcfnm" jndtncndtyyjcnm ghjdfqlthf pf yfheitybz fdnjhcrb[ ghfd, cjdthiftvst gjkmpjdfntkzvb. Â geyrnt 2.2 Êjywtgwbb ujdjhbncz j ytj,[jlbvjcnb jghtltktybz ghfdjdjq [fhfrnthbcnbrb ckj;ys[ byajhvfwbjyys[ htcehcjd, nfrb[, rfr bynthytn-cfqn, d rjnjhjv jlyjdhtvtyyj cjlth;bncz b lbpfqy, b "ghjuhfvvf lkz ÝÂÌ", ,jktt bpdtcnyfz rfr "ldb;jr", b j,sxyst ntrcns, j[hfyztvst fdnjhcrbv ghfdjv. Â ghbywbgt, vj;yj dct 'nj hfccvfnhbdfnm b gj jnltkmyjcnb, r njve ;t, gthtxtym j,]trnjd, j[hfyztvs[ fdnjhcrbv ghfdjv — yt bcxthgsdf.obq, b ybrfrb[ ghtgzncndbq r njve, xnj,s cxbnfnm nfrbv j,]trnjv cfqn wtkbrjv. Íj ,jktt ltnfkmyjt jgbcfybt kbiybv d k.,jv ckexft, yt ,eltn.
Åot jlyj gkfybhetvjt yjdjddtltybt cdzpfyj cj cdj,jlysv bcgjkmpjdfybtv ghjbpdtltybq d rjvgm.nthys[ ctnz[. Â yfcnjzott dhtvz nfrjt bcgjkmpjdfybt pfrjyjv yt ghtlecvjnhtyj djj,ot. Îlybv bp djpvj;ys[ cgjcj,jd htitybz 'njq ghj,ktvs hfphf,jnxbrb Êjywtgwbb yfpsdf.n ghbhfdybdfybt bcgjkmpjdfybz j,]trnjd fdnjhcrb[ b cvt;ys[ ghfd d ctnz[ r gthtlfxt b[ d 'abh bkb gj rf,tk.. Â 'njv ckexft r ctnzv ,eltn ghbvtybvf cnfnmz 1274 ÃÊ, hfphtif.ofz cdj,jlyjt bcgjkmpjdfybt ytrjnjhs[ dbljd ghjbpdtltybq d jghtltktyys[ ckexfz[. Ïhfdlf, jyf ujdjhbn njkmrj j cnfnmz[, gjkbnbxtcrb[ htxf[ b j,pjhf[ ntreob[ cj,snbq, nfr xnj nfrjt ghbhfdybdfybt yt j[dfnbn dct[ cgjcj,jd, dcnhtxf.ob[cz yf ghfrnbrt. Íj b 'nj e;t [jhjij.
Åot jlyj bp gkfybhetvs[ yjdjddtltybq rfcftncz bcgjkmpjdfybz ,b,kbjntrfvb ghjbpdtltybq d 'ktrnhjyyjq ajhvt. Òf cbnefwbz, rjnjhfz yf,k.lftncz d yfcnjzott dhtvz, afrnbxtcrb ltkftn [hfytybt jncrfybhjdfyys[ rybu ,tccvscktyysv: j,vty bvb pfnhelyty, xbnfnm b[ vj;yj njkmrj d gjvtotybz[ ,b,kbjntr b njkmrj ghb jncencndbb e xbnfntkz djpvj;yjcnb cltkfnm rjgb.. Ítgjyznyj, pfxtv b[ djj,ot njulf crfybhjdfnm.
Íe b yfrjytw, tot jlby djghjc, rjnjhsq gkfybhe.n htibnm fdnjhs Êjywtgwbb — hfphf,jnrf vt[fybpvf dslfxb ghfdjj,kflfntktv hfphtitybq yf cdj,jlyjt bcgjkmpjdfybt cdjb[ ghjbpdtltybq d erfpfyys[ d hfphtitybb ghtltkf[. Ïhjot ujdjhz, 'nj yfvthtybt "cltkfnm pfrjyysvb cdj,jlyst kbwtypbb" — djghjc, rjnjhsq gthdsv ltkjv yfxbyf.n j,ce;lfnm kbim njkmrj htxm pf[jlbn j, bcgjkmpjdfybb cdj,jlyjuj ÏÎ bkb nfrb[ ghtktcnz[ jntxtcndtyyjuj ,bpytcf rfr "ghjdthrf kbwtypbjyyjcnb ghjuhfvv".
Ñj,cndtyyj, djghjc j "pfrjyyjcnb GNU GPL" cvsckf yt bvttn: 'nj ghbvthyj rfr cghjcbnm, "f pfrjyty kb ljujdjh vt;le ÎÎÎ "Âfcbktr" b ÎÎÎ "Ðjvfirf", djn 'njn, rjyrhtnysq, yf nht[ kbcnf[, j gjcnfdrt njyys rehbys[ jrjhjxrjd. Ïhfdbkmysq jndtn: pfrjyty, tckb ghb tuj pfrk.xtybb cj,k.ltys nht,jdfybz pfrjyjlfntkmcndf. Âjghjc j njv, cj,k.ltys kb nfrbt nht,jdfybz ghb pfrk.xtybb nbgjdjuj kbwtypbjyyjuj ljujdjhf GNU GPL, nhflbwbjyyj jnyjcbncz r xbcke cgjhys[. Ïj vjtve crhjvyjve vytyb., pfrjye nfrjq ljujdjh cjjndtncndetn. Îlyfrj, lkz j,jcyjdfybz 'njuj nht,etncz j,hfofnmcz r j,obv gjkj;tybzv j ljujdjhf[, xtuj yfib ghfdjghbvtybntkb ltkfnm yt k.,zn, nfr xnj ltnfkmyjt jgbcfybt d pfrjyt cdj,jlyjuj bcgjkmpjdfybz ghjbpdtltybq kbiybv yt ,eltn gj-k.,jve.
Ðfpevttncz, lf;t gjckt njuj, rfr j "pfrjyyjcnb GPL" nfrb yfgbien d pfrjyt, nht,jdfnm "kbwtypb. yf Ëbyerc" ybrnj yt ghtrhfnbn. "Ïhjdthrb kbwtypbjyyjcnb" hfcghjcnhfybkbcm d cbke xbcnj tcntcndtyys[ ghbxby, ghbvthyj nfr ;t, rfr b jn;fnbt vj,bkjr. Ìj,bkrf tcnm e rf;ljuj, jyf vfktymrfz b ljhjuj cnjbn. Òjxyj nfr ;t rjvgm.nths tcnm d rf;ljq rjynjht, b pf nj, xnj,s b[ yt nhjufkb, [jpzby 'njq rjynjhs vj;tn nj;t lfnm xnj-yb,elm ljhjujcnjzott. Òfr xnj ghj,ktvf "ktufkmyjcnb GPL" cjplfyf yt pfrjyjv, f tuj "rhbdsv" ghbvtytybtv.
Âlj,fdjr, jncencndbt cj cnjhjys cjj,otcndf kbyercjbljd rfrjq-kb,j htfrwbb yf Êjywtgwb. ujdjhbn j njv, xnj tt yt xbnfkb b j gkfybhetvs[ bpvtytybz[ yt pyf.n. Íe kflyj, ntgthm, yflt.cm, ghjxbnf.n b epyf.n. Íj z yt db;e yf cjdhtvtyyjq gjkbnbxtcrjq fhtyt cbk, cgjcj,ys[ [jnm rfr-nj gjdkbznm yf ghbyznbt jgbcfyys[ bpvtytybq. Îhufybpfwbb, pfyznst hfphf,jnrjq "cdj,jlyjuj ÏÎ" dct cdjt gjkbnbxtcrjt dkbzybt, gj[j;t, egjnht,kz.n bcrk.xbntkmyj yf djppdfybz j ytj,[jlbvjcnb hfphf,jnrb "yfwbjyfkmyjq ÎÑ". Ïjgsnrf cjplfnm d Ðjccbb cdj. "gbhfncre. gfhnb.", gj[j;t, ghjdfktyf, lf b ghb ;bpyb gjrjqysq frnbdyjcnm. yt jnkbxfkcz. Ýnj d Ødtwbb djy, gbhfns djn-djn gjgflen d gfhkfvtyn. Íe, "ÖtÑÒ" tot tcnm, yj jy jlby, ,j.cm, yt cghfdbncz.
Êcnfnb, pyftnt kb ds j njv, xnj d Äevt ctqxfc yf[jlbncz rfr vbybvev jlby pfrjyjghjtrn, ghtlecvfnhbdf.obq gjckf,ktybz lkz ,b,kbjntr ghb dslfxt xbnfntkzv wbahjds[ rjgbq ghjbpdtltybq? Çfrjyjghjtrnjv ghtlkfuftncz hfphtibnm dslfxe xbnfntkzv yf herb wbahjds[ rjgbq, ghtlyfpyfxtyys[ lkz cktgs[. Âytc tuj ltgenfn Î.Í.Ñvjkby, rjnjhsq b cfv zdkztncz bydfkbljv gj phtyb.. Âytcty ghjtrn ,jktt ujlf yfpfl, b c nt[ gjh ghjitk njkmrj gthdjt xntybt. Äheujq pfrjyjghjtrn, ddjlzobq ghtckjdenjt "rjgbhjdfybt lkz kbxys[ wtktq ghb ytj,[jlbvjcnb", ldb;tncz xthtp Äeve ujhfplj ,scnhtt.
È vyt rf;tncz, xnj rjulf dct nt bpvtytybz, rjnjhst jgbcfys d Êjywtgwbb, cnfyen pfrjyjghjtrnfvb, kt;fnm bv hzljv c ghjtrnjv Ñvjkbyf. Ïj rhfqytq vtht, z yt pyf., rnj ,s vju gjcjltqcndjdfnm b[ ghbyznb..
