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ÀÁÐÀÊÀÄÀÁÐÀ (Òîæå ñàìîå íî â ÷èòàåìîì âèäå)
×tv jnkbxftncz gjkmpjdfntkm-jhbtynbhjdfyysq lbpfqy (user centered design) jn .pf,bkbnb? Äj njuj rfr gbcfnm 'ne cnfnm. e vtyz yt ,skj x¸nrjuj jndtnf. Ê cxfcnm. z kturj yfi¸k cnhfybxre, rjnjhfz ljdjkmyj elfxyj 'ne hfpybwe j,]zcyztn:
Ïjkmpjdfntkm-jhbtynbhjdfyysq lbpfqy (UCD - User Centered Design) xfcnj bcgjkmpetncz, rfr cbyjybv lkz .pf,bkbnb. UCD 'nj ,jktt j,ott gjyznbt - jyj j,jpyfxftn dtcm jgsn gjkmpjdfntkz. UCD - 'nj hfpyjcnjhjyybq gjl[jl.
ß exbnsdfk gjkmpjdfntkm-jhbtynbhjdfyysq lbpfqy d ytrjnjhs[ bp vjb[ ghjtrnjd, [jnz b yt pyfk, xnj e 'njuj tcnm yfpdfybt. Â cfvjv ltkt, 'njn gjl[jl ljk;ty ,snm hfpyjcnjhjyybv bkb ;t ybxtuj yt gjkexbncz. Ðfpyjcnjhjyybq gjl[jl
Ífhzle c ntv, xnj rjvfylf hfphf,jnxbrjd cfqnf drk.xftn .pf,bkbnb cfqnf, d 'nj d[jlbn cktlbnm pf ntv, xnj,s dct ajhvs ,skb ghjcns, yfdbufwbz ,skf kturf d bcgjkmpjdfybb b gjkmpjdfntkm vju yfqnb nj, xnj jy botn, jndtncndtyyjcnm pf gjkmpjdfntkm-jhbtynbhjdfyysq lbpfqy kt;bn yf rf;ljv jnltkmyjv exfcnybrt rjvfyls - yf ghjuhfvvbcnt yt vtymit, xtv yf [elj;ybrt b yf cgtwbfkbcnt gj ,fpfv lfyys[ yt vtymit, xtv yf 'rcgthnt gj .pf,bkbnb.
Õelj;ybr vsckbn rfhnbyrfvb, ajhvfvb b wdtnfvb. Ïhjuhfvvbcn vsckbn yf zpsrt ghjuhfvvbhjdfybz. Î,f cgjcj,f [jhjib - jyb dshf;f.n ecbkbz, rjnjhst ghbkfuftn rf;lsq bp yb[. Òtv yt vtytt, k.,jq bp yb[ vj;tn gjdtcnb ghjtrn ytdthysv gentv bp-pf ytljcnfnrjd cdjtq cgtwbfkbpfwbb. Êjulf 'nj ckexftncz, rnj-nj ljk;ty yf;fnm yf njhvjpf b crfpfnm:
Ïj;fkeqcnf, levfq j cdjb[ gjkmpjdfntkz[.
Íf cfvjv ltkt, levfnm j cdjb[ gjkmpjdfntkz[ j,jpyfxftn yt eckj;yznm (keep it simple), b k.,jq ljcnfnjxyj jgsnysq ghjatccbjyfkmysq hfphf,jnxbr, dybvfntkmyj dsckeifd dct nt[ybxtcrbt bkb [elj;tcndtyyst fhuevtyns, crf;tn bvtyyj 'nj. Èyjulf lf;t nt k.lb, rjnjhst yt bvt.n ghzvjuj jnyjitybz r hfphf,jnrt cfqnf, ht,znf bp jnltkf c,snf bkb ghjtrn-vtytl;th, dslf.n jnkbxyst bltb yfcx¸n gjkmpjdfntkm-jhbtynbhjdfyyjuj lbpfqyf.
Ít jlyf;ls vyt ljdjlbkjcm dbltnm, xnj ghjtrn-vtytl;th vju kexit dct[ gjcnfdbnm ct,z yf vtcnj gjkmpjdfntkz, gjcrjkmre jcnfkmyst cjnhelybrb ,skb ckbirjv gjukjotys j,hfpjv vsckb, rjnjhsq nht,etn b[ cgtwbfkbpfwbz. Ýnj yt dctulf jlyjpyfxyj; ytrjnjhst ghjtrn-vtytl;ths f,cjk.nyj yt ujlzncz, dc¸ ;t, jxtdblyj, xnj yb jlyjuj bp exfcnybrjd rjvfyls ytkmpz jncnhfyznm jn hf,jns yfl gjkmpjdfntkm-jhbtynbhjdfyysv lbpfqyjv.Èynebnbdyfz yfdbufwbz
Î,sxyj rjvfylf hfphf,jnxbrjd, exbnsdftn vytybt nfr;t b lheub[ cjnhelybrjd. Îlyfrj, ukfdyfz jgfcyjcnm lkz gjkmpjdfntkm-jhbtynbhjdfyyjuj lbpfqyf dc¸ ;t bc[jlbn bpdyt.
Îlyf;ls rj vyt j,hfnbkcz gfhtym bp jnltkf ghjlf;, rjnjhsq pfybvfkcz ghjlf;tq jlyjuj bp cfqnjd b crfpfk, xnj j,tofk rkbtyne, xnj yfdbufwbz cfqnf ,eltn "bynebnbdyjq", b xnj dtcm cfqn ,eltn uhepbnmcz pf 5 ctreyl lf;t yf cnfhs[ vjltvf[.
Î,f 'nb fcgtrnf lbpfqyf b hfphf,jnrb - bynebnbdyjcnm d bcgjkmpjdfybb b rjhjnrjt dhtvz pfuheprb - dtcmvf df;ys lkz gjkmpjdfntkm-jhbtynbhjdfyyjuj lbpfqyf, yj d lfyyjv ckexft jyb lheu-lheuf bcrk.xfkb. Â ckexft njuj ghtlkj;tybz, rjnjhjt ,skj cltkfyj rkbtyne "bynebnbdyfz yfdbufwbz" jpyfxfkf - "rfhnbyrb". Ít dlfdfzcm d djghjc njuj, yfcrjkmrj rfhnbyrb zdkz.ncz bynebnbdysvb lkz rf;ljuj bp gjkmpjdfntktq, uhfabxtcrfz yfabufwbz j,sxyj nht,etn ,jkmit 5 ctreyl lkz pfuheprb yf cnfhs[ vjltvf[ (jn 33.6kbps b yb;t).
Ïj'njve z jnghfdbk tuj j,hfnyj d jnltk lbpfqyf. Íflj kb ujdjhbnm, xnj yfv ghbikjcm jcnfdbnm cfqn lkz lheujq rjvgfybb.
Åckb ,s njn vjkjljq xtkjdtr yt egjvbyfk j, bynebnbdyjq yfdbufwbb, f dvtcnj 'njuj crjywtynhbhjdfkcz ,s yf crjhjcnb pfuheprb, jy ,s ghjltvjycnhbhjdfk ghtrhfcysq ghbvth gjkmpjdfntkm-jhbtynbhjdfyyjuj vsiktybz, b vs, yfdthyzrf, gjkexbkb ,s hf,jne.Êkbtyn-jhbtynbhjdfyysq lbpfqy
Íj jy yt cltkfk 'njuj. ×nj jy cltkfk yt dthyj?
 gthde. jxthtlm e ytuj yt [dfnfkj jgsnf xnj,s jwtybnm ghjcnjne. Ýnjve tve to¸ ghtlcnjzkj yfexbnmcz cj dhtvtytv. Ê njve ;t, k.,jq bp exfcnybrjd rjvfyls vju ,s vzurj gjghfdbnm tuj (rfr 'nj cltkfk z).
Âj dnjhs[, b xnj ,jktt df;yj, jy vsckbk yt d cnbkt gjkmpjdfntkm-jhbtynbhjdfyyjuj lbpfqyf, yj rkbtyn-jhbtynbhjdfyyjuj.
Êjulf jy bc[jlbk bp ghjcnjq ecnfyjdrb vs ljk;ys 'nj ghjlfnm , jy yt ,sk yt ghfd. Íf ,jkmibycndj rkbtynjd ltqcndbntkmyj ghjbpdjlzn dgtxfnktybt 'aatrnyst rfhnbyrb, yt pfdbcbvj jn njuj, cdzpfyys kb jyb rfr-nj c ntvfnbrjq cfqnf bkb ytn.
Åckb ;t rkbtyn j;blftn xtuj-nj "vekmnbvtlbqyjuj", ljdjkmyj ckj;yj gjdthyenm cfqn d cnjhjye njuj, xnj jwtybn bvtyyj gjkmpjdfntkm, pf bcrk.xtybtv, hfpevttncz, nt[ cfqnjd, rjnjhst ghtlkfuf.n "vekmnbvblbqyst" hfpdktxtybz.
Ènfr, vs jghtltkbkb jlye bp cjcnfdkz.ob[ cjplfybz cfqnf: j;blfybz rkbtynf. Êfr bvtyyj vs exbnsdftv 'nb j;blfybz? Êfr yfv eljdktndjhbnm b[, ybxtuj yt eckj;yzz?Óxbnsdfz j;blfybz rkbtynf
Ê cj;fktyb., yt ceotcndetn j,ob[ ghfdbk, lkz njuj xnj,s elth;bdfnm j;blfybz rkbtynf d hfpevys[ ghtltkf[. ×tkjdtr, pyf.obq cdjt ltkj, e,tlbn ytrjnjhs[ bp rkbtynjd ,tp jcj,juj nhelf, d nj ;t dhtvz lheubt rkbtyns ,elen ;tcnrj jncnfbdfnm cdj. njxre phtybz (c gjlfxb cdjb[ gktvzyybrjd, rjnjhst ghjxbnfkb ryb;re gj Front Page b ntgthm pyf.n dc¸ yf cdtnt j dt,-cfqnf[).
Âc¸ ;t, ceotcnde.n ytcrjkmrj cgtwbabxtcrb[ ghfdbk. Îyb hf,jnf.n yt dctulf, yj pfnj lflen dfv ytrjnjhjt yfghfdktybt, d rjnjhjv cktletn hf,jnfnm c rkbtynjv, yt ghb,tufz r kbiybv eckj;ytybzv.
Ïht;lt dctuj, yt j,tofqnt ckbirjv vyjujuj, d x¸v ktuxt dctuj jib,bnmcz, xtv dfv vj;tn gjrfpfnmcz. Èp,tufqnt hfpujdjhjd j vekmnbvtlbf, fybvfwbb b n.g. Êfr njkmrj ds egjvzybnt 'nb djpvj;yjcnb, rkbtyn yfdthyzrf htibn, xnj dc¸ 'nj ,eltn ghbcencndjdfnm yf cfqnt. Íbxtuj yt j,tofnm, yfvyjuj kexit, xtv jncnegfnm jn njuj, xnj rkbtyn cxbnfk j,tofybtv.
Âszcybnm, xtuj rkbtyn j;blftn jn 'njuj cfqnf. Åckb 'njuj yt cjdgflftn c ntv, xnj j;blftn jn ytuj gjkmpjdfntkm, eltkbnt ytcrjkmrj xfcjd gjgsnrfv e,tlbnm rkbtynf. Åckb dfi ,.l;tn yt gjpdjkztn 'njuj, kexit jnrf;bntcm jn 'njq hf,jns bkb gthtrk.xbntcm yf rkbtyn-jhbtynbhjdfyysq lbpfqy.
Ít gsnfqntcm j,]zcybnm rkbtyne njyrjcnb cdjtq hf,jns. Ít yflj ujdjhbnm j .pf,bkbnb, ljcnegyjcnb bkb cjdvtcnbvjcnb, pf bcrk.xtybtv, rjulf rkbtyn cfv cghjcbn j, 'njv . Õjhjibq rkbtyn gjybvftn, xnj ds j,j dc¸v 'njv gjpf,jnbntcm, gjcrjkmre pf 'nj dfv gkfnzn. Ïkj[jq rkbtyn ,eltn yt cjukfcty c dfvb, bp-pf jncencndbz gjkyjuj ghtlcnfdktybz, j x¸v bl¸n htxm, b njkmrj kbim hfpjpkbnmcz jn njuj, xnj ds c ybv yt cjukfcys. Êf;lsq rkbtyn ,eltn cvjnhtnm nevfyysv dpjhjv b gjqv¸n dfib ckjdf gj-cdjtve, djcghbyzd pf j,tofybt nj, xnj ds yt cvj;tnt cltkfnm, yt gj;thndjdfnm gjkmpjdfntkm-jhbtynbhjdfyysv lbpfqyjv.Ïhjatccbjyfkbpv
Âct 'nb ghj,ktvs cdzpfyys c ghjatccbjyfkbpvjv. Ðfphf,jnrjq b lbpfqyjv cfqnf j,sxyj jdkfltdf.n pf ltcznm ktn… ye, byjulf, pf djctvm. Â nj ;t dhtvz, ceotcndetn vyj;tcndj k.,bntktq, [jhjib[ b gkj[b[.
Ïj'njve vyjubt cxbnf.n dt,-lbpfqy yt hf,jnjq, f xtv-nj dhjlt zhrjuj [j,,b. Òfrbt k.lb, cxbnf.n, xnj cfvb dj dc¸v hfp,bhf.ncz b ,elen levfnm njkmrj j njv, xnj yhfdbncz kbxyj bv, f yt j njv, xnj yhfdbncz gjkmpjdfntk. b d htpekmnfnt e yb[ yt gjkexbnmcz gjkmpjdfntkm-jhbtynbhjdfyyjuj lbpfqyf.
Ýnf ghj,ktvf vj;tn ,snm htityf tckb dt, lbpfqy ,eltn gjdctvtcnyj ghbpyfy ghjatccbtq. À gjrf, kexitt, xnj ds vj;tnt ltkfnm - 'nj ,snm ghjot (keep it simple).
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