ÀÁÐÀÊÀÄÀÁÐÀ (Òîæå ñàìîå íî â ÷èòàåìîì âèäå ) fyyfz cnfnmz ,skf cjplfyf gj vjnbdfv ghtptynfwbb, cltkfyyjq yf rjyathtywbb SQA Days. Âgthdst jge,kbrjdfyyf yf GUI.ru
Ólj,cndj bcgjkmpjdfybz ghjlernf, dscjrbt gjkmpjdfntkmcrbt rfxtcndf —
df;yjt rjyrehtynyjt ghtbveotcndj yf hsyrt, ult ,jkmibycndj
ghjbpdjlbntktq ghtlkfuf.n ghb,kbpbntkmyj jlbyfrjde. aeyrwbjyfkmyjcnm. Â
rfxtcndt yfb,jktt frnefkmyjuj ghbvthf vj;yj ghbdtcnb hsyjr vj,bkmys[
ntktajyjd, ult ctqxfc yfb,jktt djcnht,jdfys b [jhjij ghjlf.ncz elj,yst
d bcgjkmpjdfybb ntktajys (c 'nbv cdzpfy ecgt[ iPhone b gtht[jl yf
nfx-crhby).
×nj cktletn gjybvfnm gjl .pf,bkbnb ? Îghtltktybt .pf,bkbnb
ghbdtltyj d cnfylfhnt ISO 9241-11 rfr cntgtym 'aatrnbdyjcnb,
ghjlernbdyjcnb b eljdktndjhtyyjcnb, c rjnjhjq ghjlern vj;tn
bcgjkmpjdfnmcz jghtltk¸yysvb gjkmpjdfntkzvb lkz ljcnb;tybz jghtltk¸yys[
pflfx d jghtltk¸yyjv rjyntrcnt.
Ñ jib,rfvb, jnhbwfntkmyj dkbz.obvb yf yfie ghjlernbdyjcnm b
eljdktndjh¸yyjcnm, vs cnfkrbdftvcz d htfkmyjq ;bpyb gjdctvtcnyj. Áelm
nj, j,zpfyyjcnm pfgjkyznm ytye;yst gjkz d ajhvf[ pfzdktybq b cghfdjr;
j,zpfntkmyst nht,jdfybt ghtljcnfdbnm rfrbt-nj ljrevtyns b cghfdrb, d
rjnjhs[ j,]trnbdyj ytn ybrfrjq ytj,[jlbvjcnb, yj rjnjhs[ nht,etn
ghjwtlehf; ghjcnfbdfybt d jxthtlz[ b ghj,rf[ b n.l.
Ítn ybxtuj elbdbntkmyjuj d njv, xnj gjlj,yfz ghfrnbrf gthtyjcbncz yf
dct, xnj cjplf¸n xtkjdtr, d njv xbckt ghjuhfvvyjt j,tcgtxtybt b
dt,-cfqns. Íflj gjybvfnm, xnj ybrnj yt cjplf¸n gkj[bt cbcntvs
cgtwbfkmyj. Äf;t cfvst jgsnyst cgtwbfkbcns b rhegyst ghjbpdjlbntkb
ljgecrf.n jib,rb.
Ìtyzz gfhflbuve hfphf,jnrb
Àkm,thn Ýqyintqy crfpfk, xnj ytkmpz htibnm ghj,ktve, yf[jlzcm dyenhb
cbcntvs, rjnjhfz tt gjhjlbkf. Ïjrf nht,jdfybt dscjrb[ gjkmpjdfntkmcrb[
rfxtcnd b bcgjkmpjdfybt ghfrnbr .pf,bkbnb
yt cnfytn ytjn]tvktvjq xfcnm. ghjwtccf ghjbpdjlcndf ÏÎ, yf cdtn ,elen
gjzdkznmcz ghjlerns b cfqns, rjnjhsvb nz;tkj bkb lf;t ytdjpvj;yj
gjkmpjdfnmcz.
Â
rfxtcndt ghbvthf hfccvjnhbv ajhve, gjkz rjnjhjq vj;yj pfgjkybnm njkmrj
d cnhjuj pflfyyjv ajhvfnt. Â ghjwtcct ntcnbhjdfybz nfrfz ajhvf vj;tn yt
dspsdfnm gjljphtybz lf;t e cfvjuj xenrjuj QA. Ôjhvfkmyj, jyf ghj[jlbn
ntcn — ghb ddjlt lfyys[ yt gj ajhvfne jyf gjrf;tn jib,re, ghb ddjlt
ghfdbkmys[ ghjgecrftn lfkmit.
Íj rfr d lfkmytqitv ghbl¸ncz ntv, rnj ,eltn c 'njq ajhvjq hf,jnfnm?
Çfgjkytybt rf;ljuj gjkz ghjbc[jlbn vtnjljv ghj, b jib,jr, xnj
cnfyjdbnmcz yfcnjzobv rjivfhjv lkz gjkmpjdfntktq. Ýnj ghbdjlbn r
yt'aatrnbdyjq hf,jnt. Òfrfz htfkbpfwbz jcnfkmys[ 'rhfyys[ ajhv d
ghjuhfvvt j,zpfntkmyj ghbdtl¸n r ;fkj,fv yf ytelj,cndf d hf,jnt b
ytghbznb. fdnjvfnbpfwbb. À 'nj d cdj. jxthtlm, vj;tn ghbdtcnb r ghjdfke
dctuj ghjtrnf gj dytlhtyb. yjdjuj ghjuhfvvyjuj j,tcgtxtybz. ×nj,s
bpvtybnm cbnefwb., cktletn bpvtybnm gfhflbuve vsiktybz ghb hfphf,jnrt:
kexit ghtljndhfofnm gjzdktybt jib,jr, xtv juhfybxbnmcz vthfvb gj b[
ecnhfytyb..
Âscjrbt gjrfpfntkb .pf,bkbnb
ghjlernf ljcnbuf.ncz pf cx¸n dytlhtybz d hfphf,jnre gjl[jlf UCD (User
Centered Design bkb lbpfqy jhbtynbhjdfyysq yf gjkmpjdfntkz). Äfyysq
gjl[jl [fhfrnthbpetncz frnbdysv djdktxtybtv gjkmpjdfntkz d ghjwtcc
hfphf,jnrb lkz ljcnb;tybz gjybvfybz gjkmpjdfntkmcrb[ nht,jdfybq b
yflkt;fotuj hfcghtltktybz aeyrwbq vt;le gjkmpjdfntkzvb b nt[yjkjubzvb,
f nfr;t bnthfnbdysv [fhfrnthjv gjl[jlf b tuj vekmnblbcwbgkbyfhyjcnm.
(ISO 13407). Ïhfrnbrf User Centered Design gjpdjkztn cjrhfnbnm hfc[jls
yf hfphf,jnre b gjdsiftn 'aatrnbdyjcnm ghjlernf, rfr d ,bpytc jnyjitybb
(ljgjkybntkmyfz ghb,skm), nfr b d eljdktndjhtyyjcnb gjkmpjdfntktq
(gjdsitybt kjzkmyjcnb r ghjlerne b rjvgfybb-hfphf,jnxbre). Òfrjq gjl[jl
ghbvtyztncz yf dc¸v ;bpytyyjv wbrkt cjplfybz ÏÎ b drk.xftn d ct,z:
jghtltktybt nht,jdfybq, fyfkbp, ghjtrnbhjdfybt, ntcnbhjdfybt, jwtyre b
gjcktle.oe. ljhf,jnre bynthatqcf. Íf lfyysq vjvtyn rhegyst rjvgfybb,
rfr pfgflyst (Microsoft, Google), nfr b hjccbqcrbt (Ábkfqy, ÐÒÑ, 1Ñ)
dytlhz.n ghfrnbrb UCD d cdjb ghjwtccs. Òfrjq gjl[jl nht,etn jn rjvgfybb
jghtltk¸yyjuj ehjdyz phtkjcnb, x¸nrj gjcnfdktyys[ ghjwtccjd b ytrjnjhs[
bydtcnbwbq (j,extybt, jhufybpfwbjyyst hfc[jls, yfqv gthcjyfkf b n.l.).
Usability guidelines
Áelexb htfkbcnjv, z gjybvf., xnj 'nb nht,jdfybz gjrf zdkz.ncz
ckbirjv dscjrbvb lkz ,jkmibycndf vfks[ b chtlyb[ rjvgfybq
dt,-hfphf,jnxbrjd b dt,-cnelbq Ðjccbb, f ntv ,jktt Átkfhecb. È[
jcyjdyst gjnht,yjcnb d 'njq j,kfcnb - jgthfnbdyj b c vfksvb pfnhfnfvb
jghtltkbnm (pflfnm) nht,etvsq ehjdtym .pf,bkbnb
lkz cdjb[ ghjtrnjd b ghjlernjd, cajhvbhjdfnm nht,jdfybz b htrjvtylfwbb,
pflfnm rhbnthbb (vtnhbrb) lkz gjcktle.otq jwtyrb b fyfkbpf.
Îlybv bp ljcnegys[ cgjcj,jd ekexibnm gjkmpjdfntkmcrbt rfxtcndf
dsgecrftvs[ ghjlernjd b gjdscbnm ghjatccbjyfkmysq ehjdtym cjnhelybrjd,
zdkztncz bcgjkmpjdfybt usability guidelines («.pf,bkbnb ufqlkfqys», herjdjlcndj gj cnbk., cgtwbabrfwbz bynthatqcf, ghfdbkf b n.l.)
Usability guidelines
— ljrevtyn, jgbcsdf.obq ghfdbkf ghbvtytybz rfr j,ob[, nfr b jnltkmys[,
rjyrhtnys[ 'ktvtynjd bynthatqcf. Ôjhvbhjdfybt b ghjdthrf yf
cjjndtncndbt usability guidelines — 'nj vtnjlbrf, gjpdjkz.ofz gjdscbnm .pf,bkbnb
cfqnf bkb ÏÎ, pflfxb rjnjhjuj nbgbxys bkb cdjlbvs r nbgbxysv. Ãfqlkfqys
nfr;t ghbvtyz.n lkz cnfylfhnbpfwbb b j,tcgtxtybz ytrjnjhjuj j,otuj
ghbtvktvjuj ehjdyz rfxtcndf. Â ufqlkfqyt cj,hfys ghfdbkf — «'dhbcnbrb»,
xfcnj dshf,jnfyyst jgsnysv gen¸v — rjnjhsv cktle.n ghb hfphf,jnrt
cfqnf. Ýnb ghfdbkf vjuen rfcfnmcz rfr cjdctv vtkrb[, jnltkmys[
'ktvtynjd bynthatqcf, nfr b ,jkmib[ xfcntq dpfbvjltqcndbz.
Êfr ghfdbkj, 'dhbcnbrb ajhvekbhe.ncz nfr, xnj,s gj rf;ljve ghfdbke
vj;yj ,skj crfpfnm «gjllth;bdftncz» kb jyj d bynthatqct bkb
«yfheiftncz» (xtr kbcn), bp,tufz ce,]trnbdys[ jwtyjr.
Äjcnjbycndf
Ìtnjl j,kflftn wtksv hzljv ljcnjbycnd:
Ít nht,etn ljgjkybntkmys[ pfnhfn. Äkz dytlhtybz b ghjdtltybz ntcnbhjdfybq c gjvjom. rjynhjkmyjuj cgbcrf yt nht,etncz ljgjkybntkmys[ pfnhfn, rfr ghb .pf,bkbnb -ntcnbhjdfybb c ghbdktxtybtv htfkmys[ gjkmpjdfntktq bkb lheub[ hf,jn gj vtnjle UCD. Ëturj dytlhbnm. Ïhbvtytybt usability guidelines yt nht,etn bpvtytybz ceotcnde.ob[ ghjwtccjd hfphf,jnrb b ,jkmib[ pfnhfn yf j,extybt b dytlhtybt. Áscnhj «ghbdbdftncz». Ó;t gjckt ytcrjkmrb[ ghjtrnjd, rjulf
usability guidelines ,elen ghbyzns d rfxtcndt rjhgjhfnbdyjuj cnfylfhnf,
ghfdbkf jgbcfyyst d ufqlkfqyt ,elen dsgjkyznmcz gjlcjpyfntkmyj (,tp
pfukzlsdfybz d ljrevtyn). Ýnj gj[j;t yf nj, rfr ghjuhfvvbcns gjckt
ytcrjkmrb[ ghjtrnjd gthtcnf.n pflevsdfnmcz yfl ghfdbkfvb dtyuthcrjq yjnfwbb (cjukfitybt j, bvtyjdfybb gthtvtyys[) Ïjrfpsdftn rjyrhtnyst ghj,ktvs bynthatqcf b lf¸n jgbcfybt htitybq. Ákfujlfhz
ufqlkfqye ds gjkexftnt rjyrhtnyjt jgbcfybt njuj, rfrbt ghj,ktvs tcnm d
bynthatqct b x¸nrbt bycnherwbb gj b[ ecnhfytyb.. Ïjdsiftn j,oe. «gkfyre» rfxtcndf. Óvtymiftncz pfdbcbvjcnm rfxtcndf bynthatqcf b .pf,bkbnb
ghjlernf jn rfxtcndf hf,jns rjyrhtnys[ cjnhelybrjd. Åckb hfymit vj;yj
,skj crfpfnm, xnj rnj-nj ltkftn frrehfnytt, c vtymibv rjkbxtcndjv
jib,jr, f rnj-nj [e;t. Òj ntgthm, ytrjnjhsq ghbtvktvsq ehjdtym rfxtcndf
ljcnbuftncz dctvb. Êhjvt njuj ufqlkfqy cgjcj,cndetn ,scnhjve ljcnb;tyb.
'njuj ehjdyz b e yjds[ cjnhelybrjd. Ít nht,etn cgtwbfkmys[ pyfybq lkz ghjdtltybz ntcnbhjdfybz. Äkz
ntcnbhjdfybz gj rjynhjkmyjve cgbcre ybrfrjq cgtwbfkmyjq gjlujnjdrb
bvtnm yt ye;yj. Ïhjwtcc ntcnbhjdfybz gj cgbcre — 'nj ghjdthrf
cj,k.ltybz.
Ítljcnfnrb
×nj,s ,snm j,]trnbdysv, cnjbn egjvzyenm b ytrjnjhs[ ytljcnfnrf[, rjnjhst, ghfdlf, ytljcnfnrfvb vj;yj yfpdfnm eckjdyj.
Ítgjkyjnf cjlth;fybz. Ó rf;ljuj ghjlernf tcnm cdjb jcj,tyyjcnb b xfcnj cdjb 'ktvtyns bynthatqcf. Ñjplfnm eybdthcfkmysq ufqlkfqy yt gjkexbncz. Ãfqlkfqy yt htiftn ghj,ktv dpfbvjltqcndbz. Â ghfdbkf[
ghfrnbxtcrb ytdjpvj;yj extcnm rjyntrcn bcgjkmpjdfybz, jcj,tyyjcnb
gjkmpjdfntktq b b[ pflfx. Ýnb djghjcs htif.ncz d rf;ljv rjyrhtnyjv
ckexft gj-cdjtve. Ñgbcjr kbim ufhfynbhetn jncencndbt uhe,s[ jib,jr. Äkz cjcnfdktybz rjynhjkmys[ cgbcrjd gjnht,etncz ytrjnjhjt dhtvz b
nthgtybt, jgsn, bpextybt kexib[ ghfrnbr, ye b ytrjnjhst pyfybz d .pf,bkbnb , rjytxyj. Ìj;yj ghbdktxm r nfrjq hf,jnt 'rcgthnjd. Ít kbiytq ,eltn htdbpbz dfituj ufqlkfqyf 'rcgthnjv.
Ñjlth;fybt
 rfxtcndt jcyjds lkz cdjtuj ufqlkfqyf z bcgjkmpjdfk rjynhjkmysq
cgbcjr Âkflf Ãjkjdfxf b Research Based Web-design and Usability
guidelines, rjnjhst z ljgjkybk ghfdbkfvb dsdtltyysvb bp ghfrnbrb
dt,-hfphf,jnjr rjvgfybb d rjnjhjq z hf,jnfk. Â cjcnfdktybz cdjtuj
ufqlkfqyf Âs vj;tnt bcgjkmpjdfnm rfr egjvzyenst vyjq cgbcrb, nfr b vjq.
Íf ntreobq vjvtyn jy cjlth;bn ghfdbkf ('dhbcnbrb), cuheggbhjdfyyst gj
cktle.obv 'ktvtynfv:
Ôjhvs Êyjgrb Ïjkz ddjlf Ñgbcrb Ñbcntvyst cjj,otybz b j,hf,jnrf jib,jr Ôkf;rb b gthtrk.xfntkb Òtrcn Ïjifujdst ltqcndbz (vfcnth) Êfgxf
Ñgbcjr vj;yj ljgjkyznm ghfdbkfvb b lkz wtks[ 'ktvtynjd
dpfbvjltqcndbz. Ífghbvth, z lj,fdbk ghfdbkf lkz gjifujds[ ltqcndbq
(vfcnthf) b rfgxb.
Ðfccvjnhbv ytcrjkmrj ghfdbk. Ífghbvth: «1.1 Ïjkz, j,zpfntkmyst lkz
pfgjkytybz, j,jpyfxtys pd¸pljxrjq gthtl cdjbv yfpdfybtv. Ó ajhvs tcnm
gjzcytybt j, j,jpyfxtybb j,zpfntkmys[ gjktq».
Ýnj ghfdbkj lj,fdktyj bp-pf ubgjntps j njv, xnj xbnfz cktdf yf
ghfdj, gjkmpjdfntkm ,scnhtt edblbn j,zpfntkmyst lkz pfgjkytybz gjkz b
pfgjkybn b[ chfpe. Íj b lkz ghfdbk ceotcnde.n bcrk.xtybz. Äkz 'njuj jyj
cjcnjbn d njv, xnj lkz ajhvs fdnjhbpfwbb gjkz pd¸pljxrjq yt dsltkz.ncz.
Äkz ajhv, ult dct gjkz zdkz.ncz j,zpfntkmysvb, vj;yj yt j,jpyfxfnm
rf;ljt, jlyfrj ytj,[jlbvj yfgbcfnm j njv, xnj dct gjkz j,zpfntkmyst lkz
pfgjkytybz. Ëexit dctuj 'nj cltkfnm cdth[e ajhvs, yfl dctvb gjkzvb.
Èkb lheujt ghfdbkj: «1.2 Ífpdfybz gjktq dshjdytys gj ghfdjq cnjhjyt.
Ðfccnjzybt jn yfpdfybz lj gjkz lkz dct[ gjktq jlbyfrjdjt». Ýnj ghfdbkj
dsdtltyj yf jcyjdfybb njuj, xnj dshfdybdfybt gj ghfdjve rhf. gjpdjkztn
bp,t;fnm uht,yz bp ntrcnf. Òfr;t lkbyyst hfccnjzybz (tckb dshfdybdfybt
,skj gj ktdjq cnjhjyt) cbkmyj pfnhelyz.n fccjwbfwb. yfpdfybz gjkz c
cfvbv gjktv. Ít htlrj ghb[jlbncz ghjdthznm ghfdbkmyjcnm pfgjkytybz
ytcrjkmrj hfp.
Åo¸ jlyj ghfdbkj: «3.3 Äkz gjktq ddjlf rjkbxtcndtyys[ [fhfrnthbcnbr
(lkbyyf, dtc, hjcn, crjhjcnm, hfccnjzybt, hfpvth b n.l.) ytj,[jlbvj
erfpsdfnm tlbybws bpvthtybz». Êfr Âs gjybvftnt, ghfdbkj gjpdjkztn
bp,fdbnmcz jn genfybws, rjnjhfz djpybrkf ,s, tckb tlbybws bpvthtybz
,skb ,s yt gjlgbcfys.
Ñjdtns gj cjcnfdktyb. ufqlkfqyf
 rf;ljv rjyrhtnyjv ckexft ytj,[jlbvj hfphf,fnsdfnm cdjq
cj,cndtyysq rjynhjkmysq cgbcjr, gjcrjkmre jy ljk;ty exbnsdfnm cgtwbabre
hfphf,fnsdftvjuj ghjuhfvvyjuj chtlcndf b djpvj;yjcnb chtlcnd
hfphf,jnrb. Âyjcbnt f,cjk.nyst ghfdbkf. Ò. t. ghfdbkf yt ljk;ys cjlth;fnm
ce,]trnbdys[ nht,jdfybq (nfrb[ rfr «yfdbufwbz ljk;yf ,snm cltkfyf
[jhjij»). À,cjk.nyst ghfdbkf eybabwbhe.n bynthatqc. Âyjcbnt ghfdbkf ecnhfyz.obt hfpyjukfcbz b hfpyjxntybz. Êjulf
ceotcnde.n ldf hfdyjpyfxys[ dfhbfynf bynthatqcyjuj htitybz, cltkfqnt
ghfdbkjv k.,jt bp yb[. Ýnj rfr vbybvev ufhfynbhetn bynthatqce
rjycbcntynyjcnm. Ïj dctve vbhe ghjdjlzncz .pf,bkbnb -ntcnbhjdfybz,
d htpekmnfnt rjnjhs[ jghtltkz.ncz yfb,jktt 'hujyjvbxyst htitybz. Ïj
htpekmnfnfv 'nb[ ntcnbhjdfybq lf.ncz htrjvtylfwbb lkz ecnhfytybz
hfpyjukfcbq. rfxtcndt ghbvthf vj;yj ghbdtcnb gjhzljr hfcgjkj;tybz
ryjgjr «Ok» b «Cancel» d hfpkbxys[ ÎÑ. Åckb d lbfkjujds[ jryf[ ÎÑ
Windows rhfqytq cghfdf hfcgjkj;tyf ryjgrf «Cancel» (jnvtyz.ofz
ltqcndbt), nj d MacOS 'nj yfj,jhjn ryjgrf «Îk» (gjlndth;lf.ofz
ltqcndbt). Ïthtqlz gj ccskrfv, ds cvj;tnt ghjxtcnm gjlhj,yjcnb 'nb[ bccktljdfybq.
Íf vjq dpukzl, df;ytt yt gjbcr ljrfpfntkmcnd njuj, rfr cktletn
hfcgjkj;bnm ldt ryjgrb, f ufhfynbz, xnj d hfpys[ vtcnf[ bynthatqcf 'nj
hfcgjkj;tybt ,eltn jlbyfrjdsv. Ñj[hfyzqnt ghjdthtyyst dhtvtytv, kexibt htitybz rfr ghfdbkf. Â
ghjwtcct hf,jns ds gjkexftnt j,hfnye. cdzpm jn gjkmpjdfntktq bkb
pfrfpxbrjd, gjkexftn nbrtns dfif cke;,f gjllth;rb, bkb, vj;tn ,snm, ds
ghjcnj bpexftnt ghjlerns rjyrehtynjd – dtplt ds dcnhtxftnt elfxyst
bynthatqcyst htitybz. Âytlhzz nfrbt htitybz, jgbcsdfqnt b[ d ufqlkfqyt. Ðtrjvtyle. ghjxbnfnm cnfnm. «Ðfpvtotybt ryjgjr «Âgthtl» b «Ífpfl» d ajhvf[»
Âytlhtybt
Ïthtql¸v r jxtym df;yjve djghjce — dytlhtybt ufqlkfqyjd d hf,jxbq
ghjwtcc. Ïthdjt, xnj ye;yj cltkfnm — «pfhfpbnm» herjdjlcndj rfxtcndjv b
.pf,bkbnb . Átp gjllth;rb herjdjlcndf k.,fz, lf;t cfvfz [jhjifz bltz, «pfdbcftn» b yt ljdjlbncz lj rjywf. Ðfccrf;bnt j gjpbnbdyjv drkflt .pf,bkbnb . Ífghbvth, lkz hfphf,jnrb ÏÎ 'nj:
Ñyb;tybt pfnhfn yf hfphf,jnre Ñjrhfotybt dhtvtyb yf hfphf,jnre Ñyb;tybt hfc[jljd yf gjllth;re ghjlernf Ñjrhfotybt pfnhfn yf gthtltkre ghjlernf
Ïhjdtlbnt hf,jne gj cjcnfdktyb. usability guidelines.
Âjcgjkmpjdfdibcm ccskrfvb bp ghtptynfwbb, ds gjkexbnt, djpvj;yj, cfvsq
,jkmijq c,jhybr ufqlkfqyjd. Èpexbnt b[. Âjpmvbnt nj, xnj gjl[jlbn lkz
dfc.
Î,celbnt gjkextyysq cgbcjr ghfdbk c herjdjlbntkzvb jnltkjd b
rjkktufvb. Âskj;bnt ljrevtyn d jnrhsnsq ljcneg (yfghbvth, d kjrfkmyjv
dbrb). Ïecnm e rf;ljuj ,eltn djpvj;yjcnm jpyfrjvbnmcz, j,celbnm b
gjltkbnmcz cdjbvb vsckzvb. Äfqnt ufqlkfqye «dsrhbcnjkbpjdfnmcz». Ïj
htpekmnfnfv j,otybz dytcbnt rjhhtrnbds. Ít cgtibnt dyjcbnm f,cjk.nyj
dct gj;tkfybz b ghtlkj;tyyst ghfdbkf.
Ñfvjt df;yjt b ckj;yjt, xnj ghtlcnjbn cltkfnm lfkmit — lj,bnmcz,
xnj,s cjplfyysq ljrevtyn cnfk dyenhtyybv cnfylfhnjv. Òjkmrj d 'njv
ckexft, vj;yj ujdjhbnm j cbcntvyjv ekexitybb rfxtcndf. Ñnfylfhn j,zpfys
ghjxtcnm b cj,k.lfnm dct ghbxfcnyst r cjplfyb. wtyyjcnb lkz rkbtynf
cjnhelybrb rjvgfybb.
Ñjplfqnt rfntujhb. «.pf,bkbnb » d dfitq ,fu-nhtrbyujdjq cbcntvt. Ðfccrf;bnt rjkktufv j yjdjddtltybz[. Î,]zcybnt, xnj ,fub .pf,bkbnb nfr;t df;ys, rfr b dct jcnfkmyst. Â rjvgfybb 1Ñ, yfghbvth, ds[jlzn wtkst ,bkls gjckt bcghfdktybz jlyb[ kbim ,fujd .pf,bkbnb .
Ïthbjlbxtcrb gthtcvfnhbdfqnt ceotcnde.obt b lj,fdkzqnt yjdst ghfdbkf
(rfqlpty). Âyjcbnt bpvtytybz d ufqlkfqy dvtcnt c bpvtytybzvb d
bynthatqct b yjdsvb vjlbabrfwbzvb dfituj ÏÎ.
Ãfqlkfqys kblthjd hsyrf hfphf,jnrb ÏÎ
Ñhtlb rjvgfybq, cjplf.ob[ b gjllth;bdf.ob[ cdjb usability
guidelines, nfrbt bpdtcnyst b rhegyst rjvgfybb, rfr: SAP, Microsoft,
Apple, Sun, Oracle, Nokia.
Ïthde. njxre phtybz yf herjdjlcndf gj cnbkzv z gjxthgyek d rybut Àkfyf Êegthf «Ïcb[,jkmybwf d herf[ gfwbtynjd»
b pfrk.xftncz jyf d njv, xnj rhegyst rjvgfybb ghbye;lf.n hfphf,jnxbrjd
bcgjkmpjdfnm b[. Microsoft b Apple ghjldbuf.n herjdjlcndf gj cnbkzv
bynthatqcjd, ghtdjpyjczn b[ vjom b gjkmpe, b yf gthdsq dpukzl vj;tn
gjrfpfnmcz, xnj 'nb rjvgfybb zdkz.ncz cfvsv rjvgtntynysv bcnjxybrjv
gjlj,yjq byajhvfwbb. Î,f cjplfntkz gkfnajhv ghbvtyz.n crhsne. ajhve
ghbye;ltybz, gsnfzcm pfcnfdbnm ghjbpdjlbntktq ghblth;bdfnmcz cnfylfhnf.
Ítpfdbcbvsq hfphf,jnxbr ÏÎ, yt cktle.obq htrjvtylfwbzv herjdjlcndf gj
cnbk., yt cvj;tn pfzdbnm j «cjdvtcnbvjcnb c gkfnajhvjq», kbifz cdjq
ghjlern df;yjuj gk.cf c njxrb phtybz vfhrtnbyuf. Òfrbv j,hfpjv,
,jkmibycndj rjvgfybq, cjplf.ob[ gjkmpjdfntkmcrbt ghbkj;tybz, ujnjds
cktljdfnm htrjvtylfwbzv hfphf,jnxbrf gkfnajhvs. Òtv dhtvtytv cfvb
hfphf,jnxbrb gkfnajhv djkmys 'rcgthbvtynbhjdfnm b lfdfnm [jl
yjditcndfv, crjkmrj gj;tkf.n. Îyb vjuen ,tp euhsptybq cjdtcnb
ghtyt,htufnm cj,cndtyysvb herjdjlcndfvb gj cnbkzv.
Äheufz njxrf phtybz pfrk.xftncz d njv, xnj bcgjkmpjdfybt ufqlkfqyjd
gjpdjkztn cjplfdfnm bynthatqcs bltfkmyj cjdvtcnbvst c ghjlernfvb b
cthdbcfvb ghjbpdjlbntktq, evtymif.n rjkbxtcndj jib,jr d cjplfdftvs[ ÏÈ
lkz cnjhjyyb[ hfphf,jnxbrjd.
Ñktljdfybt ufqlkfqyfv ghjbpdjlbntkz ltkftn bynthatqc rjycbcntynysv.
Ífghbvth, rjvgfybz 1Ñ gthtlf¸n cdjbv gfhny¸hfv gj rfcnjvbpfwbb 1C
Áe[ufknthbb ufqlkfqys yf lbcrt.
Î,t njxrb phtybz d cdj¸v ufqlkfyt ghjltvjycnhbhjdfkf Microsoft, ghbdtlz ghbvth njuj, xnj vj;tn gjkexbnmcz, tckb yt cktljdfnm b[ htrjvtylfwbzv.
 'njv ufqlkfqyt ghbdjlbncz hzl ghfdbk b htrjvtylfwbq gj cjplfyb. Ribbon Bar
(yjdfz rjywtgwbz bynthatqcf ghjuhfvv gfrtnf Office 2007). Ífghbvth,
yfb,jktt xfcnst aeyrwbb hfpvtof.ncz d cthtlbyt ,fhf, gjnjv xfcnjnyjcnm
bl¸n cktdf yf ghfdj.
Òtcnbhjdfybt
Ïhjltvjycnhbhe. ntcnbhjdfybt c gjvjom. ufqlkfqyf yf ;bdjv ghbvtht.
Çfuhepbnm dbltj!
 bynthatqct, rjnjhsq Âs dbltkb, jlby 'rhfy b jlyj jryj cjj,otybz. Ðfp,th¸v b[, ghbvtyzz ghfdbkf ufqlkfqyf.
Âblyj, xnj ghfdbkj lkz ajhvs: «1.2 Ífpdfybz gjktq dshjdytys gj
ghfdjq cnjhjyt. Ðfccnjzybt jn yfpdfybz lj gjkz lkz dct[ gjktq
jlbyfrjdjt» cj,k.lftncz. Êfr b ghfdbkj: «2.2 Íflgbcb yf ryjgrf[
yfxbyf.ncz c ,jkmijq ,erds. Åckb yflgbcm cjcnjbn bp ytcrjkmrb[ ckjd, nj
rf;ljt ckjdj yfxbyftncz c ,jkmijq ,erds, rhjvt ghtlkjujd». À djn
«Ïjlgbcb r bynthatqcysv 'ktvtynfv yfxbyf.ncz c ghjgbcyjq ,erds b
pfrfyxbdf.ncz ldjtnjxbtv» yt cj,k.lftncz. Ïjlgbcb «enter password:» b
«confirm password:» yfxbyf.ncz cj cnjhxyjq ,erds, f ljk;ys c ghjgbcyjq.
Ïbitv ,fu d dfie ,funh'rbyujde. cbcntve d rfntujhb. «.pf,bkbnb ».
×nj yt nfr d 'njv jryt cjj,otybz? Ífghbvth, ghfdbkj: «2.8 Êyjgrf
ytufnbdyjuj ltqcndbz «Ólfkbnm», «Ñnthtnm», «Învtybnm») dctulf cfvfz
ghfdfz» cj,k.lftncz. ×tuj yt crf;tim j ghfdbkt: «2.2 Íflgbcb yf ryjgrf[
yfxbyf.ncz c ,jkmijq ,erds. Åckb yflgbcm cjcnjbn bp ytcrjkmrb[ ckjd, nj
rf;ljt ckjdj yfxbyftncz c ,jkmijq ,erds, rhjvt ghtlkjujd». Êyjgrf
«cancel» yfgbcfyf c vfktymrjq ,erds, [jnz lkz ryjgrb «ÎÊ» ghfdbkj
cj,k.ltyj.
amazedev.com/usability_guidelines_article/